What is the most serious failure of high-voltage motors?

Hariho impamvu nyinshi zo kunanirwa kwa moteri ya AC-voltage.Kubera iyo mpamvu, birakenewe gushakisha uburyo bwateganijwe kandi busobanutse bwo gukemura ibibazo byubwoko butandukanye bwananiwe, kandi tugasaba ingamba zifatika zo gukumira gukuraho ibinanirana muri moteri y’umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe gikwiye., kugirango igipimo cyo kunanirwa na moteri ya voltage nyinshi igabanuka uko umwaka utashye.

Ni ayahe makosa asanzwe ya moteri yumuriro mwinshi?Bakwiye gukemurwa bate?

1. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha moteri

Isesengura ryananiwe

Bitewe nibikenerwa kubyara umusaruro, moteri yumuriro mwinshi itangira kenshi, ikagira ihindagurika rinini, kandi ifite moteri nini ya mashini, ishobora gutera byoroshye sisitemu yo gukonjesha moteri ikora nabi.Ibi bikubiyemo ahanini ubwoko bukurikira:

Icya mbere,umuyoboro wo gukonjesha wa moteri wangiritse, bikaviramo gutakaza uburyo bwo gukonjesha, ari nako bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha sisitemu yo gukonjesha moteri nyinshi.Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha burahagaritswe, bituma ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamuka;

Icya kabiri,amazi akonje amaze kwangirika, imiyoboro ikonjesha irabora kandi igahagarikwa numwanda, bigatuma moteri ishyuha;

Icya gatatu,imiyoboro imwe yo gukonjesha no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ifite ibisabwa byinshi mumikorere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.Bitewe no kugabanuka kurwego rutandukanye hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye, hasigaye icyuho.Ibibazo bya okiside hamwe ningese biboneka muguhuza byombi, amazi akonje arabinjiramo.Kubera iyo mpamvu, moteri izagira impanuka "kurasa", kandi moteri izahita ihagarara, bigatuma moteri idakora neza.

Uburyo bwo gusana

Kugenzura umuyoboro wo gukonjesha wo hanze kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwumuyoboro wo hanze ukonjesha.Kunoza ubwiza bwamazi akonje no kugabanya amahirwe yumwanda mumazi akonje yangiza imiyoboro no guhagarika imiyoboro ikonje.Kugumana amavuta muri kondenseri bizagabanya umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa kondenseri kandi bigabanye umuvuduko wa firigo.Urebye kumeneka kwa aluminiyumu yo gukonjesha hanze, iperereza rya detekeri yamenetse yimuka hafi y'ibice byose bishoboka.Ku bice bigomba kugenzurwa, nk'ingingo, gusudira, n'ibindi, sisitemu irongera gukoreshwa kugirango umukozi wo gutahura ibintu ashobora kongera gukoreshwa.Gahunda nyayo ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kubungabunga kashe, kuzuza no gufunga.Mugihe gikora neza ahabigenewe, kole igomba gukoreshwa ahantu hasohotse mumashanyarazi ya aluminiyumu yo gukonjesha ya moteri yumuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri, ishobora gukumira neza guhuza ibyuma na aluminiyumu kandi bikagira ingaruka nziza yo kurwanya okiside.

2. Kunanirwa na moteri

Isesengura ryananiwe

Mugihe cyo gutangira no kurenza urugero rwa moteri, bitewe ningufu zinyuranye, impeta ngufi yumuzingi wa rotor yimbere ya moteri irasudira kumurongo wumuringa, bigatuma umurongo wumuringa wa rotor ya moteri ugenda buhoro buhoro.Mubisanzwe, kubera ko impeta yanyuma idahimbwe mugice kimwe cyumuringa, Ikidodo cyo gusudira ntigisudwa nabi kandi gishobora gutera byoroshye guturika bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe cyo gukora.Niba umuringa wumuringa hamwe nicyuma gihuye cyane, umurongo wumuringa uzanyeganyega muri ruhago, bishobora gutera umurongo wumuringa cyangwa impeta yanyuma.Mubyongeyeho, inzira yo kwishyiriraho ntabwo ikorwa neza, bikavamo ingaruka zoroheje zo hejuru yinkoni yinsinga.Niba ubushyuhe budashobora gukwirakwira mugihe, bizatera cyane kwaguka no guhindura ibintu, bigatuma ihindagurika rya rotor ryiyongera.

Uburyo bwo gusana

Mbere ya byose, gusudira aho gusudira kwa moteri ya moteri nini ya rotor bigomba kugenzurwa, kandi imyanda iri murwego rwibanze igomba gusukurwa neza.Ahanini usuzume niba hari utubari twacitse, uduce nizindi nenge, koresha ibikoresho byumuringa kugirango usudire kuruhuka rwo gusudira, kandi ushimangire imigozi yose.Nyuma yo kurangiza, ibikorwa bisanzwe bizatangira.Kora igenzura rirambuye kuri rotor ihindagurika kugirango wibande ku gukumira.Bimaze kuboneka, bigomba gusimburwa mugihe kugirango birinde gutwikwa gukomeye kwicyuma.Buri gihe ugenzure uko ibintu byifashe gukomera, ongera ushyireho rotor, kandi upime igihombo nyamukuru nibiba ngombwa.

3. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri ya stator coil kunanirwa

Isesengura ryananiwe

Mu makosa y’umuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri, amakosa yatewe no kwangirika kwa stator guhinduranya ingana na 40%.Iyo moteri yumuriro mwinshi itangiye kandi igahagarara vuba cyangwa igahindura imitwaro byihuse, kunyeganyega kwa mashini bizatera intandaro ya stator hamwe na stator ihindagurika kwimuka ugereranije, bigatera gusenyuka kwangirika bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwihutisha kwangirika kwubuso bwimiterere kandi bigahindura imiterere yubuso bwimiterere, bityo bigatera urukurikirane rwimpinduka zijyanye nimiterere yubuso.Bitewe n'amavuta, imyuka y'amazi n'umwanda hejuru yumuyaga no gusohora hagati yibyiciro bitandukanye bya stator ihindagurika, irangi ritukura anti-halo hejuru yumurongo wa voltage mwinshi wa insulente igice cyo guhuza cyahindutse umukara.Igice cya voltage nini cyane cyaragenzuwe basanga igice cyacitse cyumubyigano mwinshi uri kumurongo wurwego rwa stator.Gukomeza gukora ahantu h’ubushuhe byaviriyemo gusaza kurwego rwimikorere ya insinga ya voltage nini ya wire ya stator ihindagurika, bigatuma igabanuka ryokwirinda kwizuba.

Uburyo bwo gusana

Ukurikije aho ikibanza cyubatswe, igice kinini cyumubyigano wicyuma cya moteri kizenguruka bwa mbere kizengurutswe na kaseti.Ukurikije tekinike ya "kumanika" ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubungabungaamashanyarazi, gahoro gahoro uzamure hejuru yumurongo wo hejuru wa coil yibeshya 30 mm 40 uvuye kurukuta rwimbere rwimikorere ya stator hanyuma ugerageze kugikosora.Koresha clamp yoroshye yo guteka kugirango ubanze ushyireho igice gishya cyiziritse, koresha ifu ya mika kaseti kugeza igice cya kabiri uzenguruke igice kigororotse cyurwego rwo hejuru kugirango ukingire hasi kuva kumirongo 10 kugeza 12, hanyuma uzenguruke izuru ryimpande zombi. Igicapo cyegeranye kugirango kibe kiva mu butaka, no ku nkombe ya bevel ya coil Shyira irangi ryinshi rya semiconductor irwanya ibice bifite uburebure bwa 12mm.Nibyiza gushyushya no gukonjesha kabiri buri umwe.Ongera wongere imigozi ipfa mbere yo gushyushya ubugira kabiri.

4. Kwihanganira gutsindwa

Isesengura ryananiwe

Imipira yimbitse ya ballove hamwe na silindrike ya roller ikoreshwa cyane muri moteri yumuriro mwinshi.Impamvu nyamukuru zitera gutwara moteri ni ugushiraho bidafite ishingiro no kunanirwa gushiraho ukurikije amabwiriza abigenga.Niba amavuta adakwiriye, niba ubushyuhe budasanzwe, imikorere yamavuta nayo izahinduka cyane.Ibi bintu bituma ubwikorezi bukunda ibibazo kandi biganisha kuri moteri.Niba igiceri kidakosowe neza, coil hamwe nicyuma cyicyuma bizanyeganyega, kandi imyanya ihagaze izatwara umutwaro uremereye wa axial, ibyo bigatuma icyuma cyaka.

Uburyo bwo gusana

Ibikoresho byihariye bya moteri birimo gufungura no gufunga ubwoko, kandi guhitamo byihariye bigomba gushingira kumiterere nyayo.Kubyerekanwe, guhitamo bidasanzwe hamwe namavuta bigomba guhitamo.Mugihe ushyiraho ibyuma, witondere guhitamo amavuta.Rimwe na rimwe, amavuta hamwe ninyongera ya EP arakoreshwa, kandi urwego ruto rwamavuta rushobora gukoreshwa kumbere.Amavuta arashobora kuzamura ubuzima bwimikorere ya moteri.Hitamo neza ibyuma kandi ukoreshe neza kugirango ugabanye imishwarara ya radiyo nyuma yo kwishyiriraho kandi ukoreshe imiterere yimpeta yo hanze kugirango irinde.Mugihe cyo guteranya moteri, birakenewe kandi kugenzura witonze ibipimo bihuye byikigereranyo hamwe na rotor ya rotor mugihe ushyiraho ibyuma.

5. Gusenyuka

Isesengura ryananiwe

Niba ibidukikije ari ubuhehere kandi amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi bikennye, biroroshye gutuma ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamuka cyane, bigatuma insimburangingo ya reberi yangirika cyangwa igashonga, bigatuma habaho ibibazo byo kurekura, kumeneka cyangwa ndetse no gusohora arc. .Kunyeganyega kwa Axial bizatera ubushyamirane hagati ya coil na padi na core, bitera kwambara igice cya semiconductor anti-corona hanze ya coil.Mubihe bikomeye, bizasenya byimazeyo insulasiyo nyamukuru, biganisha kumeneka nyamukuru.Iyo moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi zijimye, agaciro ko kurwanya ibikoresho byacyo ntigishobora kuzuza ibisabwa na moteri y’umuvuduko mwinshi, bigatuma moteri idakora neza;moteri ya voltage ndende yakoreshejwe igihe kinini cyane, anti-ruswa hamwe na stator ya strator ntaho ihuriye, arcing ibaho, kandi moteri ihagarara, bigatuma moteri amaherezo idakora neza.;Nyuma yumwanda wamavuta wimbere ya moteri yumuvuduko mwinshi winjizwa mumashanyarazi nyamukuru, biroroshye gutera umuzunguruko mugufi hagati yimyenda ya stator, nibindi. .

Uburyo bwo gusana

Ikoranabuhanga rya insulation nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byikoranabuhanga mugukora moteri no kuyitunganya.Kugirango harebwe niba moteri ihagaze neza igihe kirekire, ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bugomba kunozwa.Igice cyo gukingira ibikoresho bya semiconductor cyangwa ibikoresho byicyuma bishyirwa imbere muri insulasiyo nkuru kugirango urusheho gukwirakwiza voltage hejuru.Sisitemu yuzuye yubutaka nimwe mungamba zingenzi za sisitemu yo kurwanya amashanyarazi.

Ni ubuhe butumwa bukomeye bwa moteri ya voltage nyinshi?

1. Amakosa asanzwe ya moteri yumuriro mwinshi

Kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi

(1) Icyiciro-Kuri-Icyiciro kigufi cyumuzunguruko wa stator

Icyiciro-kuri-icyiciro kigufi cyumuzenguruko wa stator ihindagurika nikosa rikomeye rya moteri.Bizatera kwangirika gukabije kwa moteri ubwayo no gutwika icyuma.Mugihe kimwe, bizatera igabanuka rya voltage ya gride, bigira ingaruka cyangwa byangiza ingufu zisanzwe zikoreshwa nabandi bakoresha.Kubwibyo, birasabwa gukuraho moteri idakwiye vuba bishoboka.

(2) Guhinduranya imirongo migufi yumuzingi umwe

Iyo icyiciro kizunguruka cya moteri kigufi-kizunguruka hagati yizunguruka, ikosa ryicyiciro cyiyongera, kandi urwego rwo kwiyongera kurubu rujyanye numubare wigihe gito.Inzira ngufi ihuza imirongo isenya imikorere ya moteri kandi itera ubushyuhe bukomeye bwaho.

(3) Icyiciro kimwe cyubutaka bugufi

Umuyoboro utanga amashanyarazi ya moteri nini cyane ni moteri idafite aho ibogamiye sisitemu idafite ishingiro.Iyo ikosa rimwe ryubutaka ribaye muri moteri yumuvuduko mwinshi, niba imiyoboro yubutaka irenze 10A, stator ya moteri ya moteri izatwikwa.Mubyongeyeho, ikosa rimwe ryubutaka rishobora gukura muguhinduka-guhindukira kumuzingo mugufi cyangwa icyiciro-cy-icyiciro kigufi.Ukurikije ubunini bwubutaka bwubutaka, moteri idakwiye irashobora gukurwaho cyangwa ikimenyetso cyo gutabaza gishobora gutangwa.

(4) Icyiciro kimwe cyo gutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa stator guhinduranya ni uruziga rufunguye

Umuzunguruko ufunguye icyiciro kimwe cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa stator ihindagurika itera moteri gukora hamwe no gutakaza icyiciro, icyiciro cya conduction cyiyongera, ubushyuhe bwa moteri burazamuka cyane, urusaku rwiyongera, no kunyeganyega biriyongera.Hagarika imashini vuba bishoboka, bitabaye ibyo moteri irashya.

(5) Amashanyarazi yumuriro ni muremure cyane cyangwa hasi cyane

Niba voltage ari ndende cyane, umuzenguruko wa magneti wa stator yibanze uzaba wuzuye, kandi ikiyongera vuba;niba voltage iri hasi cyane, moteri ya moteri izagabanuka, kandi moteri ya stator ya moteri ikora nu mutwaro iziyongera, bigatuma moteri ishyuha, kandi mubihe bikomeye, moteri irashya.

gutsindwa kwa mashini

(1) Kwambara kwambara cyangwa kubura amavuta

Kunanirwa kunanirwa birashobora gutuma byoroshye ubushyuhe bwa moteri kuzamuka kandi urusaku rwiyongera.Mugihe gikomeye, ibyuma birashobora gufunga kandi moteri irashobora gucanwa.

(2) Inteko mbi y'ibikoresho bya moteri

Iyo uteranije moteri, imashini ya screw ntiringana kandi igifuniko cyimbere ninyuma cyimbere ya moteri yikaraga kuri shitingi, bigatuma moteri iba ishyushye kandi urusaku.

(3) Inteko idahwitse

Imbaraga zohereza muri shaft zongera ubushyuhe bwikizunguruka kandi byongera kunyeganyega kwa moteri.Mugihe gikomeye, bizangiza ibyuma kandi bitwike moteri.

2. Kurinda moteri yumuriro mwinshi

Icyiciro-ku -cyiciro cyo kurinda umuzunguruko mugufi

Nukuvuga, kurubu byihuta-gucamo cyangwa kurinda itandukaniro birerekana ibyiciro-by-icyiciro kigufi cyumuzunguruko wa moteri ya moteri.Moteri ifite ubushobozi butarenze 2MW ifite ibikoresho byo kurinda byihuse;moteri yingenzi ifite ubushobozi bwa 2MW no hejuru cyangwa munsi ya 2MW ariko ibyiyumvo byokwirinda byihuse ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa kandi bifite insinga esheshatu zisohoka zishobora kuba zifite uburyo bwo kurinda itandukaniro rirerire.Icyiciro-ku -cyiciro cyo kurinda-imiyoboro ngufi irinda moteri ikora ingendo;kuri moteri ya syncron hamwe nibikoresho byikora bya demagnetisation, uburinzi bugomba no gukora kuri demagnetisation.

Kurinda gukurikiranwa kurubu

Nkuburinzi bwa moteri ihinduranya, gutsindwa kwicyiciro, guhinduranya icyiciro gikurikiranye hamwe nuburinganire bwa voltage nini, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkigisubizo cyokurinda nyamukuru kurinda ubusumbane bwibyiciro bitatu hamwe nicyiciro gito cyumuzunguruko wa moteri.Kurinda ibintu bikurikiranye kurinda kurugendo cyangwa ibimenyetso.

Icyiciro kimwe cyo kurinda ikosa

Umuyoboro utanga amashanyarazi ya moteri nini cyane muri rusange ni sisitemu ntoya.Iyo icyiciro kimwe cyo guhagarara kibaye, gusa ubushobozi bwa capacitori yubutaka butembera mumakosa, mubisanzwe bitera ingaruka mbi.Gusa iyo imiyoboro yubutaka irenze 5A, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kurinda icyiciro kimwe.Iyo imiyoboro ya capacitori iriho 10A no hejuru, uburinzi burashobora gukora hamwe nigihe ntarengwa cyo kugenda;mugihe ubushobozi bwubutaka buri munsi ya 10A, uburinzi burashobora gukora mukugenda cyangwa ibimenyetso.Gukoresha insinga no gushiraho moteri imwe yicyiciro cyo gukingira ikosa ni kimwe nu murongo wumurongo umwe icyiciro cyo kurinda amakosa.

Kurinda ingufu nke

Iyo amashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi agabanutse mugihe gito cyangwa agaruwe nyuma yo guhagarara, moteri nyinshi zitangirira icyarimwe, zishobora gutuma voltage ikira igihe kirekire cyangwa ikananirwa gukira.Kugirango wemeze kwikorera-moteri yingenzi, kubwimodoka zidafite akamaro cyangwa inzira cyangwa impamvu zumutekano, ntibyemewe gushiraho uburinzi buke bwumuriro kuri moteri yikorera wenyine hamwe nibikorwa byatinze mbere yo kugenda.

Kurinda birenze urugero

Kurenza igihe kirekire bizatera ubushyuhe bwa moteri kuzamuka kurenza agaciro kemewe, bitera insulasiyo gusaza ndetse bitera kunanirwa.Kubwibyo, moteri ikunda kurenza urugero mugihe ikora igomba kuba ifite uburinzi burenze urugero.Ukurikije akamaro ka moteri nuburyo ibintu birenze urugero, ibikorwa birashobora gushyirwaho ibimenyetso, kugabanya imitwaro byikora cyangwa kugenda.

Igihe kirekire cyo gutangira kurinda

Moteri ya reaction yo gutangira ni ndende cyane.Iyo igihe cyo gutangira cya moteri kirenze igihe cyagenwe cyemewe, uburinzi buzagenda.

Kurinda ubushyuhe bukabije

Irasubiza iyongerekana ryikurikiranya ryiza rya stator cyangwa kuba haribintu bitagenda neza biterwa nimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, bigatuma moteri ishyuha cyane, kandi uburinzi bukora mubimenyesha cyangwa urugendo.Ubushyuhe bukabije bubuza gutangira.

Kurinda rotor ihagaze (gukurikiranya ibintu birenze urugero kurinda)

Niba moteri ihagaritswe mugihe cyo gutangira cyangwa gukora, ibikorwa byo kurinda bizagenda.Kuri moteri ya syncronique, kurinda intambwe-ntambwe, gutakaza uburinzi bushimishije hamwe no kurinda ingaruka zidahwitse nabyo bigomba kongerwaho.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-10-2023