1. Ibyiciro bya moteri ya DC
1. Moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi:
Moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi ni uguhana stator na rotor ya moteri isanzwe ya DC.Rotor yayo ni rukuruzi ihoraho kugirango itange ikirere-icyuho: stator ni armature kandi igizwe nibyiciro byinshi.Mu miterere, birasa na moteri ihoraho ya moteri.Imiterere ya moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi ni kimwe na moteri isanzwe ya syncron cyangwa moteri ya induction.Ibyiciro byinshi bizunguruka (ibyiciro bitatu, ibyiciro bine, ibyiciro bitanu, nibindi) byinjijwe mubyuma.Ihinduranya irashobora guhuzwa inyenyeri cyangwa delta, kandi igahuzwa na power power ya inverter ihujwe no kugenda neza.Rotor ikoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka bifite imbaraga zagahato nubucucike bukabije nka samarium cobalt cyangwa neodymium fer boron.Bitewe numwanya utandukanye wibikoresho bya magneti mumashanyarazi, birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bya magnetiki hejuru, gushiramo inkingi za magneti hamwe nimpeta ya magneti.Kubera ko umubiri wa moteri ari moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho, biramenyerewe guhamagara moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi nayo bita moteri ihoraho ya moteri idafite amashanyarazi.
Moteri ya Brushless DC yatejwe imbere mumyaka yashize hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya microprocessor no gukoresha amashanyarazi mashyaibikoresho bifite guhinduranya cyane hamwe no gukoresha ingufu nke, kimwe no gutezimbere uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugaragara kw'ibiciro bidahenze, byo murwego rwohejuru ibikoresho bya rukuruzi.Ubwoko bushya bwa moteri ya DC yateye imbere.
Moteri ya Brushless DC ntigumana gusa imikorere myiza yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri gakondo ya DC, ariko kandi ifite ibyiza byo kutanyerera kunyerera no kuguruka, kwizerwa cyane, ubuzima bumara igihe kirekire n urusaku ruke, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mukirere, ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC , robot, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, nibindi, ibikoresho bya mudasobwa nibikoresho byo murugo byakoreshejwe cyane.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: moteri ya DC ya kare idafite moteri ya DC, ifite inyuma ya EMF yumurongo wogutanga hamwe nogutanga imiyoboro yumurongo byombi ni imiraba y'urukiramende, izwi kandi nka moteri y'urukiramende ihoraho;Moteri ya DC yasunitswe, inyuma yayo EMF yumurongo hamwe nogutanga ibyerekezo byombi ni sine waves.
2. Moteri ya DC yasunitswe
(1) Imashini ihoraho ya moteri ya DC
Igice cya moteri gihoraho DC igabana: moteri idasanzwe isi ya magneti DC, moteri ya ferrite ihoraho DC na moteri ya alnico ihoraho.
Moteri Ntibisanzwe isi ihoraho ya moteri ya DC: Ntoya mubunini kandi nziza mubikorwa, ariko bihenze, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kirere, mudasobwa, ibikoresho byo hasi, nibindi.
Moteri ya Ferrite ihoraho ya moteri DC: Umubiri wa magnetiki pole wakozwe mubikoresho bya ferrite uhendutse kandi ufite imikorere myiza, kandi ukoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo murugo, imodoka, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nibindi bice.
Moteri ya Alnico ihoraho ya moteri DC: Irakeneye gukoresha ibyuma byinshi byagaciro, kandi igiciro kiri hejuru, ariko gifite imiterere ijyanye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Ikoreshwa mugihe ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buri hejuru cyangwa bisabwa guhagarara kwubushyuhe bwa moteri.
(2) Moteri ya Electromagnetic DC.
Igice cya moteri ya Electromagnetic DC: urukurikirane rwashimishije moteri ya DC, shunt yishimye moteri ya DC, yishimye cyane moteri ya DC hamwe na moteri ishimishije moteri ya DC.
① Urukurikirane rushimishije moteri ya DC: Umuyoboro uhujwe murukurikirane, uhindagurika, kandi umurima uhinduranya uhuza urukurikirane na armature, bityo umurima wa rukuruzi muri iyi moteri uhinduka cyane hamwe nihinduka ryimyuka ya armature.Kugirango udatera igihombo kinini na voltage igabanuka mubyishimo bihindagurika, ntoya irwanya imbaraga zo guhindagurika kwiza, nibyiza, bityo moteri ya DC ikurikirana ya moteri ikunze gukomeretsa insinga nini, kandi umubare wacyo ukaba muke.
② Shunt yishimye moteri ya DC: Umwanya uhindagurika wa shunt yishimye moteri ya DC ihujwe no guhuza armature.Nka generator ya shunt, voltage yumuriro uva kuri moteri ubwayo itanga ingufu kumurima uzunguruka;nka moteri ya shunt, umurima uzunguruka Kugabana amashanyarazi amwehamwe na armature, ni kimwe na moteri ya DC yishimye itandukanye muburyo bwo gukora.
Moteri ya DC yishimye itandukanye: Guhinduranya umurima ntaho bihurira n'amashanyarazi na armature, kandi umuzenguruko wumurima utangwa nundi mashanyarazi ya DC.Umwanya wumurima rero ntabwo uhindurwa na armature terminal voltage cyangwa armature.
Moteri Moteri ya DC yishimye: Moteri ya DC yishimye ifite moteri ebyiri zishimishije, shunt kwishima hamwe nibyishimo.Niba imbaraga za magnetomotive zakozwe nuruhererekane rwo kwishima zihindagurika ziri mu cyerekezo kimwe nimbaraga za magnetomotive zatewe na shunt excitation winding, byitwa ibicuruzwa bivanze no kwishima.Niba icyerekezo cyimbaraga ebyiri za magnetomotive zinyuranye, byitwa gutandukanya ibintu bitandukanye.
2. Ihame ryakazi rya moteri ya DC
Hariho impeta imeze nk'impeta ihoraho imbere ya moteri ya DC, kandi ikigezweho kinyura muri coil kuri rotor kugirango bitange imbaraga za ampere.Iyo coil kuri rotor ihwanye numurima wa magneti, icyerekezo cyumurima wa magneti kizahinduka mugihe gikomeje kuzunguruka, bityo guswera kumpera ya rotor bizahinduka Amasahani ahinduranya muburyo, kugirango icyerekezo cya ikigezweho kuri coil nacyo kirahinduka, kandi icyerekezo cyingufu za Lorentz cyakozwe ntigihinduka, moteri rero irashobora gukomeza kuzunguruka muburyo bumwe.
Ihame ryakazi rya generator ya DC nuguhindura ingufu za AC electromotive AC yatewe mumashanyarazi ya armature mumashanyarazi ya DC iyo ikuwe mumpera ya brush na commutator hamwe ningaruka zo kugabanuka kwa brush.
Icyerekezo cyingufu zamashanyarazi zashizweho zigenwa ukurikije itegeko ryiburyo (umurongo wumurongo wa magneti werekeza mukiganza cyikiganza, igikumwe cyerekana icyerekezo cyerekezo cyumuyobozi, naho icyerekezo cyizindi ntoki enye ni icyerekezo cyingufu za electromotive yatewe mumashanyarazi).
Icyerekezo cyimbaraga zikora kiyobora kigenwa nubutegetsi bwibumoso.Izi mbaraga za electromagnetic ikora torque ikora kuri armature.Uyu muriro witwa electromagnetic torque mumashini izunguruka.Icyerekezo cya torque ni isaha yo kugana, kugerageza gukora armature kuzenguruka isaha.Niba uyu muriro wa electromagnetique ushobora kunesha urumuri rwo guhangana kuri armature (nkumuriro wumuriro uterwa no guterana hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kwikorera imitwaro), armature irashobora kuzenguruka kumasaha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-18-2023