Ku wa gatanu, 12 Kanamaigishushanyo cya GAAFET (Irembo ryuzuye rya Field Effect Transistor).) Porogaramu ya EDA / ECAD ikenewe muburyo bwimikorere ihuriweho;ultra-rugari ya bandgap semiconductor ibikoresho bigereranwa na diyama na oxyde ya gallium;tekinoloji enye nko kongera ingufu zokongoka (PGC) zikoreshwa muri moteri ya gaz turbine kugirango ishyire mubikorwa igenzura rishya ryoherezwa mu mahanga, itariki ntarengwa yo kubuza uyu munsi (15 Kanama).
Muri tekinoroji enye, EDA niyo ishimishije cyane, isobanurwa n’isoko nk’ibindi bibuza inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika nyuma ya “Chip and Science Act”, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye amasosiyete yo mu gihugu akora 3nm kandi yateye imbere ibicuruzwa.Nyamara, igishushanyo cya 3-nanometero ntigikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa muri iki gihe, kandi ingaruka zayo z'igihe gito ni nke.
Usibye inzira ya 3nm, kwishyurwa 800V byihuse birashobora kugira ingaruka
EDA (Electronics Design Automation) nuburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nikintu cyingenzi kandi cyingenzi mubishushanyo bya chip IC (integuro yumuzingi).Nibikorwa byinganda zo hejuru zikora chip, bikubiyemo inzira zose nkibishushanyo mbonera byuzuzanya, insinga, kugenzura no kwigana.EDA yitwa "nyina wa chips" mu nganda.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga ya Tianfeng yerekanye ko niba gukora chip ugereranije no kubaka inyubako, igishushanyo cya IC ni igishushanyo mbonera, naho software ya EDA ni igikoresho cyo gushushanya, ariko software ya EDA iragoye cyane kuruta porogaramu zubaka.
ECAD (Porogaramu ya elegitoroniki Yifashishijwe Ifashayobora) ifite intera yagutse kuruta EDA, kandi kubuza bivuze ko porogaramu zose zijyanye nayo zirimo.Nk’uko Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi yo muri Amerika ibivuga, ECAD ni icyiciro cy’ibikoresho bya software bikoreshwa mu gushushanya, gusesengura, guhuza no kugenzura imikorere y’umuzunguruko uhuriweho cyangwa icyapa cy’umuzingo cyacapwe.Byakoreshejwe mugushushanya imirongo igoye ihuriweho mubikorwa bitandukanye mubisirikare, ikirere, n'inganda.
Tekinoroji ya GAAFET ni tekinoroji yateye imbere ugereranije na tristoriste ya FinFET (fin field effect transistors), tekinoroji ya FinFET irashobora kugera kuri nanometero zigera kuri 3, mugihe GAAFET ishobora kugera kuri nanometero 2.
Nubwa gatatu kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byatangijwe n’Amerika kurwanya Ubushinwa mu rwego rwa EDA.Iya mbere yarwanye na ZTE muri 2018 naho iya kabiri irwanya Huawei muri 2019.Usibye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone igendanwa ya mudasobwa na mudasobwa, chip ikoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo gukora ku isoko ni chip zose zifite imbaraga zo kubara cyane, nka GPU zikoreshwa mu bwenge bw’ubukorikori, hamwe na chip ya seriveri ikoreshwa mu bigo by’amakuru no kubara ibicu. .
Bamwe mu bashushanya chip bavuze ko ingaruka zigihe gito ziki cyemezo cyo kugenzura ari nke, kubera ko ibishushanyo bya nanometero 3 bidakoreshwa cyane mubushinwa.Imashini zimwe za AI hamwe na GPU chip ikoresha 7-nanometero, mugihe TV, isanduku-yo hejuru, hamwe na chip-yo mu bwoko bwa moteri ni 28 nm.nanometero cyangwa 16 nanometero.Bamwe mu babikurikiranira hafi mu nganda bemeza ko Amerika ishaka gutuma umugabane w’Ubushinwa udafite ibikoresho byo gukora chip yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya nanometero 3 na munsi, kandi igishushanyo kikaba cyometse kuri nanometero 5, kandi inganda zikaba zometse kuri nanometero 7.Noneho, intera iri hagati yUbushinwa na Amerika muri mudasobwa yihuta, kubara AI, nibindi bizaguka.
Ku gitekerezo cy'umuntu wa chip, impamvu nyamukuru ituma Amerika ihagarika EDA ni ukugenzura ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu.
Usibye porogaramu ya EDA kuriyi nshuro, ibikoresho bibiri bya semiconductor nabyo birimo: oxyde ya gallium (Ga2O3) hamwe na diyama substrate, byombi ni ibikoresho bya ultra-rugari ya bandgap ya semiconductor.Ibikoresho nkibi byitezwe gukora mubihe bikaze, nka voltage nyinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibi bikoresho biracyari mu majyambere kandi ntabwo byakozwe mu nganda ku rugero runini, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryibanze cyane mu Buyapani no muri Amerika.Nyamara, chip ikozwe muri ibyo bikoresho izaba ikwiriye kubidukikije byinshi byinganda nkingufu nshya, kubika ingufu za gride, itumanaho, nibindi, bityo bigahinduka cyane kandi byingenzi.
Dufashe ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu nkurugero, kuri ubu, amasosiyete mashya yimodoka yingufu nka Xiaopeng Motors, BYD, Li Auto, na BAIC Jihu yamaze gukoresha tekinoroji ya 800V yihuta, kandi izakorwa cyane muri uyu mwaka.Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikozwe mubikoresho bya gallium birashobora gukoreshwa murubu buryo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza.
Imbere muri EDA amahirwe "intambwe"
Ati: "Niba utegura ibicuruzwa bya nanometero 5 hanyuma ugakoresha software ya mbere ya EDA ku isi, igiciro gishobora kugenzurwa hafi miliyoni 40 z'amadolari ya Amerika, ariko udashyigikiwe na software ya EDA, ikiguzi cyo gukora chip ya nanometero 5 gishobora kuba kinini nka Miliyari 7.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika.Amadolari y'Abanyamerika yegereye icyuho inshuro zigera kuri 200. ”Umuntu bireba ushinzwe isosiyete ikora software ya CAD yo murugo (ifashijwe na mudasobwa) yabaze konti.
Kugeza ubu, isoko yisi yose yibanda ku nganda za EDA ni nyinshi.Ibihangange bitatu bya EDA Synopsys (Synopsys), Cadence (Kedence Electronics), na Mentor Graphics (Mentor International, yaguzwe na Siemens mu Budage mu 2016) bifite imyanya irenga 70% ku isoko mpuzamahanga.umugabane wisoko, kandi urashobora gutanga ibikoresho byuzuye bya EDA, bikubiyemo inzira zose cyangwa ibyinshi mubikorwa byo guhuza ibizunguruka hamwe ninganda.
Ibigo bitatu bifite umwihariko wabyo mubicuruzwa, kandi intumbero nibyiza bya IP (umutungo wubwenge) biratandukanye cyane.Ibicuruzwa byabo bifite isoko rya 85% mubushinwa.Tekinoroji ya nanometero 3 GAAFET yububiko bwububiko Samsung yacitsemo muri kamena uyumwaka yujujwe hifashishijwe Synopsys na Cadence.
Amasosiyete yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri ahagarariwe na ANSYS, Silvaco, Aldec Inc, Huada Jiutian, nibindi. Bafite inzira zose mubice byihariye kandi bateye imbere mubuhanga mubikorwa byaho.Amasosiyete yo muri echelon ya gatatu arimo Altium, Concept Engineering, Intangiriro Electronics, Guangliwei, Sierxin, DownStream Technologies, nibindi. Imiterere ya EDA ishingiye cyane kubikoresho byingingo, kandi harabura ibicuruzwa byuzuye byuzuye mubice byihariye.
Amasosiyete menshi yo gushushanya chip yo murugo aracyakoresha software ya EDA yatumijwe mu mahanga kugirango ikore chip.Mu 1993, Huada Jiutian yasohoye porogaramu ya mbere yo mu gihugu EDA - Sisitemu ya Panda ICCAD, yageze ku ntera muri EDA yo mu gihugu kuva 0 kugeza 1.Muri 2020, ku isoko rya EDA mu Bushinwa, ukurikije igipimo cyinjira, Huada Jiutian yaje ku mwanya wa kane.
Ku ya 29 Nyakanga, Huada Jiutian yinjiye ku mugaragaro ku isoko rya Growth Enterprises, yiyongereyeho 126% ku munsi wa mbere w’urutonde, kandi isoko ryayo ryarenze miliyari 40.Huada Jiutian yavuze muri prospectus ko ibyinshi mu bikoresho bya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya EDA ishobora gushyigikira inzira ya nanometero 5;Gelun Electronics yavuze muri raporo yayo yumwaka ko ibikoresho bimwe bishobora gushyigikira 7-nanometero, 5-nanometero, na 3-nanometero.
Huada Jiutian yinjije mu 2021 ni miliyoni 580, naho amafaranga ya Gailun Electronics yinjiza ari munsi ya miliyoni 200.Synopsys ya mbere ku isi yinjiza hafi miliyari 26 kandi inyungu irenga miliyari 5.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga ya Tianfeng yerekanye ko kuba ngombwa ari ngombwa.Hano hari imirenge igera kuri 40 murwego rwibikoresho bya EDA.Ibihangange bitatu byageze ku ntera y’inganda zose, mu gihe umuyobozi w’imbere mu gihugu Huada Jiutian kuri ubu afite igipimo cya 40%.Abandi Ibicuruzwa byabakora uruganda rwa EDA nibikoresho byingenzi.
Dukurikije imibare, mu Bushinwa hari amasosiyete akora ibikoresho bigera ku 100.EDA igabanijwemo ibikoresho byo gushushanya bya chip nibikoresho bya chip.Ibigo bimwe byimbere mugihugu byakemuye inzira yose yo gushushanya chip.Ibikoresho byo gushushanya ibyuma bya digitale biragoye.“Ibikoresho by'ingingo” bigera kuri 120 bigira uruhare mugushushanya, kandi ubushakashatsi niterambere bikorerwa kuri buri gikoresho.
Hariho igitekerezo kivuga ko kubirinda Amerika, inzira yonyine yo kuzamura urwego rwa software ya EDA yo murugo ni ukuzamura byihuse urwego rwa software yo murugo, kandi ibigo byimbere mu gihugu bigomba guhuriza hamwe, ndetse na Huawei HiSilicon na kaminuza zo murugo bigomba kwitabira mugushinga ubumwe kugirango iterambere rihuriweho.Hamwe no kwiyongera kubikenerwa mu gihugu, EDA yo mu gihugu ntabwo ibura amahirwe ku isoko ryabaguzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2022