Inyandiko-mvugo y’amasosiyete atatu ya mbere y’Abayapani ni gake cyane mu bidukikije aho inganda z’imodoka ku isi zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro no kugurisha.
Ku isoko ryimodoka yimbere mu gihugu, imodoka zabayapani rwose ni imbaraga zidashobora kwirengagizwa.Imodoka z'Abayapani tuvuga muri rusange zitwa "imirima ibiri n'umusaruro umwe", aribyo Toyota, Honda, na Nissan.Cyane cyane amatsinda manini akoresha imodoka zo murugo, mfite ubwoba ko abafite imodoka benshi cyangwa abashaka gutwara imodoka byanze bikunze bazakorana nibi bigo bitatu byimodoka.Nkuko abayapani batatu ba mbere baherutse gutangaza inyandiko-mvugo y’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2021 (1 Mata 2021 - 31 Werurwe 2022), twasuzumye kandi imikorere ya batatu ba mbere umwaka ushize.
Nissan: Inyandiko-mvugo n'amashanyarazi bigenda bifata "imirima ibiri"
Yaba miliyari 8.42 yen (hafi miliyari 440.57 yuan) yinjiza cyangwa miliyari 215.5 yen (hafi miliyari 11.28) yunguka, Nissan iri muri bitatu bya mbere.Kubaho kwa "hepfo".Nyamara, ingengo yimari 2021 iracyari umwaka wo kugaruka gukomeye kuri Nissan.Kuberako nyuma ya "Ghosn ibyabaye", Nissan yagize igihombo mumyaka itatu yikurikiranya mbere yumwaka wingengo yimari wa 2021.Nyuma yumwaka-mwaka kwiyongera kwinyungu zageze kuri 664%, nabwo bwageze ku mpinduka umwaka ushize.
Ufatanije na Nissan yimyaka ine “Nissan NEXT gahunda yo guhindura ibigo” yatangiye muri Gicurasi 2020, ni hafi igice cyuyu mwaka.Dukurikije amakuru yemewe, iyi verisiyo ya Nissan ya gahunda yo “kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere” yafashije Nissan kugabanya 20% by’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro ku isi, guhuza 15% by’ibicuruzwa ku isi, no kugabanya miliyari 350 yen (hafi miliyari 18.31).), yari hejuru ya 17% kurenza intego yambere.
Kubijyanye no kugurisha, Nissan ku isi hose ku modoka miliyoni 3.876 yagabanutseho hafi 4% umwaka ushize.Urebye ibintu nkibidukikije bitanga isoko ryibura rya chip ku isi umwaka ushize, uku kugabanuka kuracyafite ishingiro.Icyakora, birakwiye ko tumenya ko ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe, igurishwa rya Nissan ryagabanutseho hafi 5% umwaka ushize, kandi umugabane w’isoko nawo wagabanutse uva kuri 6.2% ugera kuri 5.6%.Mu ngengo y’imari 2022, Nissan yiteze gushakisha ingingo nshya z’iterambere ku masoko yo muri Amerika n’Uburayi mu gihe ihungabana ry’iterambere ry’isoko ry’Ubushinwa.
Amashanyarazi biragaragara ko yibanze muri Nissan itaha.Hamwe nibisanzwe nkibibabi, Nissan ibyo yagezeho murwego rwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi biragaragara ko bidashimishije.Dukurikije “Icyerekezo 2030 ″, Nissan irateganya gushyira ahagaragara amashanyarazi 23 y’amashanyarazi (harimo 15 y’amashanyarazi meza) mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari 2030.Ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, Nissan yizeye kuzagera ku ntego y’imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi zingana na 40% by’igurishwa rusange mu ngengo y’imari 2026.Hamwe na e-POWER yerekana ikoranabuhanga, Nissan yujuje ibyiza byimuka mbere ya Toyota na Honda muburyo bwa tekiniki.Nyuma yuko urwego rwogutanga amasoko rumaze gusohoka, ubushobozi bwa Nissan buzagera kuri "imirima ibiri" munzira nshya?
Honda: Usibye ibinyabiziga bya lisansi, amashanyarazi arashobora no gushingira kumaraso ya moto
Umwanya wa kabiri ku nyandikomvugo ni Honda, yinjije miliyoni 14.55 yen (hafi miliyari 761.1 yu), umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 10.5%, naho umwaka ushize wiyongera 7.5% mu nyungu ziva kuri 707 miliyari y'Abayapani yen (hafi miliyari 37).Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga yinjira, imikorere ya Honda umwaka ushize ntishobora no gukomeza kugabanuka gukabije mu myaka y’ingengo y’imari ya 2018 na 2019.Ariko inyungu nziza irazamuka gahoro gahoro.Mu bidukikije byo kugabanya ibiciro no kunoza imikorere y’amasosiyete akomeye y’imodoka ku isi, kugabanuka kwinjiza no kwiyongera kw’inyungu bisa nkaho byabaye insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru, ariko Honda iracyafite umwihariko wayo.
Usibye yen idakomeye Honda yerekanye muri raporo y’inyungu zayo kugira ngo ifashe inyungu zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, inyungu z’isosiyete mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ushize byatewe ahanini n’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwa moto n’ubucuruzi bwa serivisi z’imari.Dukurikije imibare ifatika, amafaranga yinjira mu bucuruzi bwa moto ya Honda yiyongereyeho 22.3% umwaka ushize mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ushize.Ibinyuranye, ubucuruzi bw’imodoka bwiyongereyeho 6.6% gusa.Yaba inyungu cyangwa inyungu zunguka, ubucuruzi bwimodoka ya Honda buri hasi cyane ugereranije nubucuruzi bwa moto.
Mubyukuri, ukurikije igurishwa ryakozwe mu mwaka karemano wa 2021, Honda yagurishije ku masoko abiri akomeye y’Ubushinwa na Amerika.Ariko, nyuma yo kwinjira mu gihembwe cya mbere, kubera ingaruka zatewe no gutanga amasoko n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku turere, Honda yagize igabanuka rikabije mu bintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru.Nyamara, ukurikije imigendekere ya macro, umuvuduko wubucuruzi bwimodoka ya Honda ufite byinshi bifitanye isano no kongera ibiciro bya R&D murwego rwamashanyarazi.
Dukurikije ingamba za Honda ziheruka gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, mu myaka icumi iri imbere, Honda irateganya gushora miriyoni 8 z'amayeni mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere (hafi miliyari 418.48).Niba ubarwa ninyungu zinyungu zumwaka wingengo yimari 2021, ibi bihwanye ninyungu yinyungu yimyaka irenga 11 yashowe mumahinduka.Muri byo, ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa ryihuta cyane ry’imodoka nshya zingufu, Honda irateganya gushyira ahagaragara moderi 10 yumuriro wamashanyarazi mugihe cyimyaka 5.Moderi yambere yikimenyetso cyayo gishya e: N nayo yagaragaye cyangwa yiteguye kugurishwa muri Dongfeng Honda na GAC Honda.Niba andi masosiyete gakondo yimodoka yishingikiriza kumaraso ya moteri kugirango atange amashanyarazi, noneho Honda izakenera gutanga amaraso menshi mubucuruzi bwa moto.
Toyota: Inyungu nziza = inshuro eshatu za Honda + Nissan
Umuyobozi wanyuma ntagushidikanya Toyota.Mu ngengo y’imari 2021, Toyota yatsindiye tiriyari 31.38 yen (hafi miliyari 1.641.47 yu), kandi ifata tiriyoni 2.85 (hafi tiriyoni 2.85).Miliyari 149 Yuan), yazamutseho 15.3% na 26.9% umwaka ushize.Tutibagiwe ko amafaranga yinjiza arenze umubare wa Honda na Nissan, kandi inyungu zayo zikubye inshuro eshatu izo bagenzi bacu bavuzwe haruguru.Ndetse ugereranije na mukeba wa kera wa Volkswagen, nyuma y’inyungu zayo mu ngengo y’imari 2021 yiyongereyeho 75% umwaka ushize, yari miliyari 15.4 z'amayero gusa (hafi miliyari 108.8).
Turashobora kuvuga ko ikarita ya raporo ya Toyota yumwaka wingengo yimari 2021 ifite akamaro gakomeye.Mbere ya byose, inyungu zayo zikora ndetse zirenze agaciro gakomeye k'umwaka w'ingengo y'imari wa 2015, gishyiraho amateka menshi mu myaka itandatu.Icya kabiri, mu rwego rwo kugabanuka kw'igurisha, Toyota yagurishijwe ku isi mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari iracyarenga miliyoni 10, igera kuri miliyoni 10.38, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 4.7%.Nubwo Toyota yagabanije inshuro nyinshi cyangwa ihagarika umusaruro mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari 2021, usibye kugabanuka kw’umusaruro n’igurisha ku isoko ry’iwabo ry’Ubuyapani, Toyota yitwaye neza ku masoko y’isi harimo Ubushinwa na Amerika.
Ariko kugirango Toyota yunguke inyungu, imikorere yayo yo kugurisha nigice kimwe gusa.Kuva ikibazo cy’ubukungu cyabaye mu 2008, Toyota yagiye ifata buhoro buhoro gahunda y’akarere n’ingamba zo gukora hafi y’isoko ryaho, kandi yubaka igitekerezo cyo “kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere” ibigo byinshi by’imodoka bishyira mu bikorwa muri iki gihe.Byongeye kandi, iterambere no gushyira mubikorwa imyubakire ya TNGA byashyizeho urufatiro rwo kuzamura byimazeyo ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa n’imikorere idasanzwe mu nyungu.
Ariko, niba guta agaciro kwa yen mu 2021 birashobora gukomeza gukuramo ingaruka zo kuzamuka kw'igiciro runaka cy’ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma nyuma yo kwinjira mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, izamuka ry’ikirere ry’ibikoresho fatizo, kimwe n’ingaruka zikomeje kwibasirwa na nyamugigima na geopolitiki amakimbirane kuruhande rwumusaruro, kora abayapani batatu Bakomeye, cyane cyane Toyota nini irwana.Muri icyo gihe, Toyota irateganya kandi gushora miriyoni 8 yen mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere harimo imvange, selilenicyitegererezo cyamashanyarazi.Kandi uhindure Lexus mubirango byamashanyarazi meza muri 2035.
andika kurangiza
Turashobora kuvuga ko kaminuza eshatu za mbere zUbuyapani zose zatanze inyandiko-mvugo ishimishije mu kizamini giheruka.Ibi ntibisanzwe cyane mubidukikije aho inganda z’imodoka ku isi zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro no kugurisha.Ariko, bitewe nimpamvu nkamakimbirane akomeje kubaho muri politiki hamwe nigitutu cyogutanga isoko.Ku masosiyete atatu ya mbere y’Abayapani yishingikiriza cyane ku isoko ry’isi, barashobora guhura n’umuvuduko mwinshi kuruta amasosiyete y’imodoka z’i Burayi, Amerika n’Ubushinwa.Mubyongeyeho, kumurongo mushya w'ingufu, bitatu bya mbere nibyinshi birukanka.Ishoramari ryinshi rya R&D, kimwe no kuzamura ibicuruzwa no guhatanira ibicuruzwa, nabyo bituma Toyota, Honda, na Nissan bikomeza guhura nibibazo bihoraho mugihe kirekire.
Umwanditsi: Indirimbo ya Ruan
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-17-2022