0.Iriburiro
Umuyoboro udafite imitwaro no gutakaza ubwoko bwa cage-ibyiciro bitatu bya moteri idafite moteri nibintu byingenzi byerekana imikorere nibikorwa byamashanyarazi bya moteri.Nibipimo byamakuru bishobora gupimwa neza ahakoreshwa nyuma ya moteri ikozwe kandi igasanwa.Irerekana ibice byingenzi bigize moteri kurwego runaka - Urwego rwo gushushanya nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora bwa stator na rotor, nta mutwaro uremereye bigira ingaruka kumpamvu ya moteri;igihombo nta mutwaro gifitanye isano rya bugufi nubushobozi bwa moteri, kandi nikintu cyibanze cyane cyo gusuzuma kugirango ibanze isuzume imikorere ya moteri mbere yuko moteri itangira gukoreshwa kumugaragaro.
1.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumitwaro idafite no gutakaza moteri
Umuvuduko udafite umutwaro wubwoko butatu bwicyiciro cya moteri ya asinchronous moteri ahanini ikubiyemo umuyaga ushimishije hamwe numuyoboro ukora kuri nta-mutwaro, muribo hafi 90% numuyoboro ushimishije, ukoreshwa mukubyara imbaraga za rukuruzi zizunguruka kandi ni ifatwa nkibintu bitagaragara, bigira ingaruka kumbaraga COSMoteri ya moteri.Ingano yacyo ifitanye isano na moteri ya moteri ya moteri hamwe na magnetiki flux yubucucike bwibishushanyo mbonera;mugihe cyo gushushanya, niba ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux bwatoranijwe cyane cyangwa voltage ikarenza voltage yagenwe mugihe moteri ikora, intoki yicyuma izaba yuzuye, umuyaga ushimishije uziyongera kuburyo bugaragara, hamwe nubusa bujyanye nubusa Umuzigo ni munini kandi ibintu byingufu ni bike, kubwibyo nta-imitwaro yatakaye ni nini.Ibisigaye10%ni ibikorwa bigezweho, bikoreshwa mugutakaza ingufu zitandukanye mugihe nta mizigo ikora kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya moteri.Kuri moteri ifite icyerekezo gihamye cyambukiranya ibice, nta mutwaro uremereye wa moteri nini, umuyoboro ukora wemerewe gutemba uzagabanuka, kandi ubushobozi bwimitwaro ya moteri buzagabanuka.Umuyoboro udafite imitwaro ya cage-ubwoko butatu bwa moteri idafite moteri muri rusange30% kugeza 70% byumuvuduko wagenwe, kandi igihombo ni 3% kugeza 8% byingufu zapimwe.Muri byo, gutakaza umuringa wa moteri ntoya ifite imbaraga zingana, kandi gutakaza ibyuma bya moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi bifite igice kinini.hejuru.Igihombo-kitagira igihombo kinini cya moteri nini cyane ni igihombo cyibanze, kigizwe nigihombo cya hystereze hamwe nigihombo cya eddy.Igihombo cya Hystereze nikigereranyo kijyanye na magnetiki yinjira hamwe na kare ya magnetiki flux yuzuye.Igihombo cya Eddy kiringaniye na kwadarato ya magnetiki flux yuzuye, kare yubugari bwibintu bya magnetiki byinjira, kare ya frequency na magnetique.Ugereranije nubunini bwibikoresho.Usibye igihombo cyibanze, hariho no gutakaza umunezero hamwe nigihombo cya mashini.Iyo moteri ifite igihombo kinini nta mutwaro, impamvu yo kunanirwa na moteri irashobora kuboneka mubice bikurikira.1) Iteraniro ridakwiye, rotor idashobora kuzunguruka, kutagira ubuziranenge bwiza, amavuta menshi mubitereko, nibindi, bitera gutakaza ubukana bukabije.2) Gukoresha nabi umufana munini cyangwa umufana ufite ibyuma byinshi bizongera umuvuduko wumuyaga.3) Ubwiza bwicyuma cya silicon yamashanyarazi ni mabi.4) Uburebure bwibanze budahagije cyangwa lamination idakwiye bivamo uburebure budahagije, bikaviramo gutakaza igihombo no gutakaza fer.5) Bitewe numuvuduko mwinshi mugihe cyo kumurika, urwego rwimikorere rwurupapuro rwicyuma rwa silikoni rwibanze rwajanjaguwe cyangwa imikorere yimikorere yumwimerere wa insulation ntabwo yujuje ibisabwa.
Moteri imwe YZ250S-4/16-H, ifite amashanyarazi ya 690V / 50HZ, ingufu za 30KW / 14.5KW, hamwe n’umuvuduko wa 35.2A / 58.1A.Igishushanyo cya mbere ninteko birangiye, ikizamini cyakozwe.Umuyoboro wa 4- pole nta mutwaro wari 11.5A, naho igihombo cyari 1.6KW, bisanzwe.Umuyoboro wa 16- pole nta mutwaro ni 56.5A naho igihombo nta mutwaro ni 35KW.Byemejwe ko 16-pole nta-imitwaro ihari nini kandi nta-gutakaza imitwaro ni nini cyane.Iyi moteri ni sisitemu yo gukora igihe gito,kwiruka kuri10 / 5min.16-moteri ya pole ikora idafite umutwaro hafi1umunota.Moteri irashyuha kandi itabi.Moteri yarashenywe irongera irashushanywa, yongera kugeragezwa nyuma yo gushushanya kabiri.4-ibikoresho bitaremereyeni 10.7Akandi igihombo ni1.4KW,ni ibisanzwe;the 16-pole nta-umutwaro uriho ni46Ano gutakaza umutwaroni 18.2KW.Byemejwe ko nta-imitwaro ihari nini kandi nta-umutwaro Igihombo kiracyari kinini cyane.Ikizamini cyapimwe cyapimwe cyakozwe.Imbaraga zinjiza zari33.4KW, ibisohoka imbaragayari 14.5KW, na imikorere ikorayari 52.3A, yari munsi ya moteri yagenweya 58.1A.Niba bisuzumwe gusa bishingiye kubigezweho, nta-umutwaro wujuje ibyangombwa.Ariko, biragaragara ko igihombo nta-mutwaro ari kinini cyane.Mugihe gikora, niba igihombo cyatewe mugihe moteri ikora gihinduka ingufu zubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwa buri gice cya moteri buzamuka vuba.Ikizamini cyo kudakora imitwaro cyakozwe kandi moteri yanywa itabi nyuma yo kwiruka kuri 2iminota.Nyuma yo guhindura igishushanyo kunshuro ya gatatu, ikizamini cyarasubiwemo.4-inkingi nta mutwaro uhariyari 10.5Akandi igihombo cyari1.35KW, byari bisanzwe;the 16-ibikoresho bitaremereyeyari 30Ano gutakaza umutwaroyari 11.3KW.Hemejwe ko nta mutwaro uremereye wari muto cyane kandi igihombo nta mutwaro cyari kinini cyane., yakoze ikizamini cyo gukora-ntakizamini, na nyuma yo gukorakuri 3iminota, moteri yarashyushye kandi iranywa.Nyuma yo kongera gushushanya, ikizamini cyakozwe.4-ibiti ntibihinduka,the 16-ibikoresho bitaremereyeni 26A, hamwe no kutagira umutwaroni 2360W.Byemejwe ko nta-imitwaro ihari ari nto cyane, igihombo-ntigisanzwe, kandithe 16-ibikoresho biruka kuri5iminota idafite umutwaro, nibisanzwe.Birashobora kugaragara ko nta gutakaza imitwaro bigira ingaruka ku kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwa moteri.
2.Impamvu nyamukuru zigira ingaruka zo gutakaza moteri
Muri voltage nkeya, imbaraga nyinshi na voltage nyinshi gutakaza moteri, gutakaza moteri yibanze nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumikorere.Igihombo cyibanze cya moteri kirimo igihombo cyibanze cyatewe nimpinduka mumashanyarazi nyamukuru murwego rwibanze, igihombo cyiyongereye (cyangwa cyayobye)muri rusange mugihe nta-mutwaro urimo,no kumeneka magnetique hamwe nibihuza biterwa numuyoboro wakazi wa stator cyangwa rotor.Igihombo cyatewe na magnetique mumashanyarazi.Igihombo cyibanze kibaho bitewe nimpinduka mumashanyarazi nyamukuru yibyuma.Ihinduka rishobora kuba ryimiterere ya magnetisiyonike, nkibibera muri stator cyangwa amenyo ya rotor ya moteri;irashobora kandi kuba izunguruka ya magnetisiyonike, nkibibera muri stator cyangwa rotor yicyuma cya moteri.Byaba bisimburana magnetisiyonike cyangwa guhinduranya magnetisiyonike, hystereze hamwe na eddy igihombo kizaterwa nicyuma.Igihombo nyamukuru giterwa ahanini no gutakaza ibyuma byibanze.Igihombo nyamukuru ni kinini, cyane cyane bitewe no gutandukana kwibikoresho bivuye mu gishushanyo cyangwa ibintu byinshi bitameze neza mu musaruro, bikavamo ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux yuzuye, umuzunguruko mugufi hagati yamabati ya silikoni, no kwiyongera kwihishe mubyimbye byibyuma bya silikoni impapuro..Ubwiza bwurupapuro rwicyuma cya silicon ntabwo bujuje ibisabwa.Nkibikoresho nyamukuru bya moteri ya moteri, kubahiriza imikorere yicyuma cya silicon bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya moteri.Mugihe cyo gushushanya, byemezwa cyane cyane ko urwego rwicyuma cya silicon rwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.Mubyongeyeho, icyiciro kimwe cyicyuma cya silicon gituruka mubikorwa bitandukanye.Hariho itandukaniro ryimiterere yibintu.Mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho, ugomba kugerageza uko ushoboye kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho mubakora ibyuma byiza bya silicon.Uburemere bwibyuma byibyuma ntibihagije kandi ibice ntabwo byegeranye.Uburemere bwibyuma ntibihagije, bikaviramo gutakaza cyane kandi gutakaza fer birenze.Niba urupapuro rwa silicon rusize irangi cyane, umuzenguruko wa magneti uzaba wuzuye.Muri iki gihe, umubano uhuza hagati yumutwaro utari muto na voltage bizaba byunamye cyane.Mugihe cyo gukora no gutunganya ibyuma byicyuma, icyerekezo cyibinyampeke hejuru yubutaka bwicyuma cya silicon cyangirika, bikaviramo kwiyongera kwicyuma mugihe kimwe rukuruzi.Kuri moteri ihindagurika, moteri yinyongera iterwa nubwuzuzanye nayo igomba kwitabwaho;ibi nibyo bigomba kwitabwaho mugushushanya.Ibintu byose byasuzumwe.ikindi.Usibye kubintu byavuzwe haruguru, igishushanyo mbonera cyigihombo cya moteri kigomba gushingira kumusaruro nyirizina no gutunganya ibyuma byicyuma, kandi ukagerageza guhuza agaciro ka theoretical nagaciro keza.Imirongo iranga itangwa nabatanga ibikoresho rusange bipimwa ukurikije uburyo bwa Epstein kare buzenguruka, kandi icyerekezo cya magnetisiyasi yibice bitandukanye bya moteri biratandukanye.Iki gihombo kidasanzwe kizunguruka ntigishobora kwitabwaho muri iki gihe.Ibi bizaganisha ku kudahuza agaciro kabaruwe nagaciro kagereranijwe kurwego rutandukanye.
3.Ingaruka yubushyuhe bwa moteri izamuka kumiterere
Uburyo bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha moteri biragoye, kandi kuzamuka kwubushyuhe burahinduka hamwe nigihe mugihe kigaragara.Mu rwego rwo gukumira ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa moteri burenze ibisabwa bisanzwe, ku ruhande rumwe, igihombo cyatewe na moteri kiragabanuka;kurundi ruhande, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa moteri bwiyongera.Nkuko ubushobozi bwa moteri imwe bwiyongera umunsi kumunsi, kunoza sisitemu yo gukonjesha no kongera ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe byabaye ingamba zingenzi zo kuzamura ubushyuhe bwa moteri.
Iyo moteri ikora mubihe byagenwe igihe kirekire kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bugera kumutekano, agaciro kemewe ko kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwa buri kintu kigize moteri byitwa ubushyuhe bwo kuzamuka.Igipimo cyo kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwa moteri cyateganijwe mubipimo byigihugu.Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe ahanini bushingiye ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwemewe n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha, ariko kandi bifitanye isano nuburyo nkuburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe, guhererekanya ubushyuhe nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumuyaga, na ubushyuhe bwo gutemba bwemerewe kubyara.Ubukanishi, amashanyarazi, umubiri nibindi bikoresho byibikoresho bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya moteri bizagenda byangirika buhoro buhoro bitewe nubushyuhe.Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse kurwego runaka, imiterere yibikoresho byo kubika izagira impinduka zingenzi, ndetse no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubika.Mu ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi, ibyubatswe cyangwa sisitemu yo kubika muri moteri n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikunze kugabanywa mu byiciro byinshi birwanya ubushyuhe ukurikije ubushyuhe bukabije.Iyo imiterere yimikorere cyangwa sisitemu ikora kurwego rujyanye nubushyuhe mugihe kirekire, ntabwo mubisanzwe bizana impinduka zidakwiye.Gukingura ibyiciro bimwe birwanya ubushyuhe ntibishobora gukoresha ibikoresho byose byokwirinda icyiciro kimwe.Urwego rwihanganira ubushyuhe bwimiterere yimikorere isuzumwa neza mugukora ibizamini byo kwigana kurugero rwimiterere yakoreshejwe.Imiterere yimikorere ikora munsi yubushyuhe bukabije kandi irashobora kugera kubuzima bwa serivisi yubukungu.Inkomoko yibikorwa hamwe nibikorwa byerekanye ko hari isano iri hagati yubuzima bwa serivisi yimiterere yubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe, bityo ikumva cyane ubushyuhe.Kuri moteri zimwe-zidasanzwe, niba ubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi budasabwa kuba ndende cyane, kugirango ugabanye ingano ya moteri, ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwemewe bwa moteri burashobora kwiyongera hashingiwe kuburambe cyangwa amakuru yikizamini.Nubwo ubushyuhe bwikonje butandukana hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha hamwe nuburyo bukonjesha bukoreshwa, kuri sisitemu zitandukanye zo gukonjesha zikoreshwa muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bwikonjesha bukoreshwa ahanini nubushyuhe bwikirere, kandi mubare ni kimwe nubushyuhe bwikirere.Byinshi.Uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubushyuhe bizavamo itandukaniro ritandukanye hagati yubushyuhe bwapimwe nubushyuhe bwahantu hashyushye mubice bipimwa.Ubushyuhe bwahantu hashyushye mubice bipimwa ni urufunguzo rwo kumenya niba moteri ishobora gukora neza igihe kirekire.Rimwe na rimwe bidasanzwe, ubushyuhe bwo kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwa moteri ntibushobora kugenwa rwose nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwemewe bwimiterere yimikorere ikoreshwa, ariko nibindi bintu bigomba kwitabwaho.Kongera ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa moteri mubisanzwe bisobanura kwiyongera kwigihombo cya moteri no kugabanuka kwimikorere.Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwumuyaga buzatera kwiyongera kwumuriro mubikoresho byibice bimwe bifitanye isano.Abandi, nkibintu bya dielectric ya insulation hamwe nimbaraga za mashini yibikoresho byicyuma, bizagira ingaruka mbi;irashobora gutera ingorane mubikorwa bya sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta.Kubwibyo, nubwo moteri zimwe zihinduranya IcyiciroImiterere ya F cyangwa Icyiciro H, imipaka yubushyuhe bwayo iracyakurikiza amabwiriza yo mu cyiciro B.Ibi ntibireba gusa bimwe mubintu byavuzwe haruguru, ahubwo binongera ubwizerwe bwa moteri mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.Nibyiza cyane kandi birashobora kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi ya moteri.
4.mu gusoza
Umuyoboro udafite imitwaro kandi nta-gutakaza imitwaro ya kage ibyiciro bitatu moteri idahwitse yerekana ubushyuhe bwiyongera, imikorere, imbaraga, imbaraga zo gutangira nibindi bimenyetso byingenzi byerekana moteri kurwego runaka.Niba byujuje ibisabwa cyangwa bidafite ingaruka ku mikorere ya moteri.Abakozi ba laboratoire yo gufata neza bagomba kumenya amategeko ntarengwa, bakemeza ko moteri yujuje ibyangombwa bava mu ruganda, bagacira imanza moteri idafite ibyangombwa, kandi bagasana kugira ngo ibipimo ngenderwaho bya moteri byujuje ibisabwa n’ibicuruzwa.a
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2023