Bateri igaragara ituje-bateri

Vuba aha, raporo ya CCTV ivuga ko “kwishyuza isaha imwe no gutonda umurongo amasaha ane” byakuruye ibiganiro bishyushye.Ubuzima bwa bateri nibibazo byo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byongeye kuba ikibazo gishyushye kuri buri wese.Kugeza ubu, ugereranije na bateri gakondo ya lithium isanzwe, bateri ya lithium ikomeyehamwe numutekano mwinshi, ingufu nyinshi, igihe kirekire cya bateri, hamwe nimirima yagutse niabantu benshi bafatwa ninganda nkicyerekezo cyiterambere kizaza cya bateri ya lithium.Ibigo nabyo birahatanira imiterere.

Nubwo bateri ya lithium ikomeye-idashobora gucuruzwa mugihe gito, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium ya sosiyete nini yagiye yihuta kandi byihuse vuba aha, kandi isoko ryisoko rishobora guteza imbere umusaruro mwinshi wibikomeye- bateri ya leta ya lithium mbere yigihe giteganijwe.Iyi ngingo izasesengura iterambere ryisoko rya batiri ya lithium ikomeye hamwe nuburyo bwo gutegura bateri ya lithium ikomeye, kandi ikagutwara gushakisha amahirwe yo kwisoko ryikora rihari.

Batteri ikomeye ya lithium ifite ingufu nziza cyane nubushyuhe bwumuriro kuruta bateri ya lithium

Mu myaka yashize, guhanga udushya mu murima wo hasi washyize ahagaragara ibisabwa hejuru kandi bisabwa mu nganda za batiri ya lithium, kandi tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium nayo yagiye ikomeza kunozwa, igana ku mbaraga n’umutekano byihariye.Urebye inzira yiterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium, ubwinshi bwingufu ingufu za batiri ya lithium yamazi ishobora kugeraho yagiye yegera buhoro buhoro, kandi bateri ya lithium ikomeye-niyo nzira yonyine yo guteza imbere bateri ya lithium.

Dukurikije “Ikarita ya Tekinike yo Kuzigama Ingufu n’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu”, intego y’ingufu za bateri y’amashanyarazi ni 400Wh / kg muri 2025 na 500Wh / kg muri 2030.Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo mu 2030, inzira ya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium isanzwe ntishobora kubazwa inshingano.Biragoye guca hejuru yubucucike bwingufu za 350Wh / kg, ariko ubwinshi bwingufu za bateri ya lithium ikomeye irashobora kurenga 350Wh / kg.

Bitewe n’ibikenewe ku isoko, igihugu nacyo giha agaciro gakomeye iterambere rya batiri ya litiro ikomeye.Muri “Gahunda nshya yo guteza imbere inganda z’ingufu (2021-2035)” (Draft for Comment) yasohotse mu Kuboza 2019, birasabwa gushimangira ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse n’inganda za batiri za litiro zikomeye, no kuzamura bateri ya lithium ikomeye. kugeza ku rwego rw'igihugu, nk'uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.

Imbonerahamwe 1 Isesengura rigereranya rya bateri zamazi na bateri zikomeye

Ntabwo ari ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu gusa, inganda zibika ingufu zifite umwanya munini wo gukoresha

Bitewe no guteza imbere politiki y’igihugu, iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu bizatanga umwanya mugari witerambere rya bateri ya lithium ikomeye.Byongeye kandi, bateri zose za lithium-ikomeye-nazo zizwi nkimwe mubyerekezo byikoranabuhanga bigenda byitezwe biteganijwe ko bizaca mu cyuho cy’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu za elegitoroniki no kuzuza ibikenewe mu iterambere.Ku bijyanye no kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bateri za lithium kuri ubu zingana na 80% byo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Ubushobozi bwo gushyira ingufu mu kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu 2020 ni 3269.2MV, bwiyongereyeho 91% muri 2019. Ufatanije n'amabwiriza y'igihugu agamije iterambere ry'ingufu, icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mpande z’abakoresha, ibikoresho bishobora kongera ingufu za gride hamwe izindi nzego ziteganijwe kuzana iterambere ryihuse, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.

Kugurisha no kwiyongera kwimodoka nshya zingufu kuva Mutarama kugeza Nzeri 2021 Cumulative yashyizeho ubushobozi nubwiyongere bwumushinga wo kubika ingufu za chimique mubushinwa kuva 2014 kugeza 2020

Igicapo 1 Kugurisha no gukura kwimodoka nshya zingufu;cumulative yashyizweho ubushobozi nubwiyongere bwimishinga yo kubika ingufu za chimique mubushinwa

Ibigo byihutisha ubushakashatsi niterambere, kandi Ubushinwa bukunda sisitemu ya oxyde

Mu myaka yashize, isoko ry’imari, amasosiyete ya batiri hamwe n’amasosiyete akomeye y’imodoka byose byatangiye kongera imiterere y’ubushakashatsi bwa batiri ya lithium ikomeye, yizeye ko izaganza irushanwa mu ikoranabuhanga rizakurikiraho.Nyamara, ukurikije iterambere rigezweho, bizatwara imyaka 5-10 kugirango bateri zose za lithium-ikomeye-ikure muri siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda mbere y’umusaruro rusange.Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’imodoka nka Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Hyundai, nibindi byongera ishoramari ryabo R&D mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya lithium ikomeye;mubijyanye namasosiyete ya batiri, CATL, LG Chem, Panasonic, Samsung SDI, BYD, nibindi nabyo bikomeje gutera imbere.

Batiyeri zose-zikomeye za lithium zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije ibikoresho bya electrolyte: bateri ya polymer ikomeye-ya lithium, batiri ya sulfide ikomeye-ya litiro, na batiri ya lisiyumu ikomeye.Polimeri ikomeye ya batiri ya lithium ifite imikorere myiza yumutekano, batiri ya sulfide ikomeye-ya litiro ya lithium iroroshye kuyitunganya, kandi batiri ya okiside ikomeye-ya litiro ya lithium ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru.Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika akunda sisitemu ya oxyde na polymer;Isosiyete y'Abayapani na Koreya iyobowe na Toyota na Samsung ishishikajwe cyane na sisitemu ya sulfide;Ubushinwa bufite abashakashatsi muri sisitemu zose uko ari eshatu, kandi muri rusange zikunda sisitemu ya okiside, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.

Igishushanyo 2 Imiterere yumusaruro wa batiri ya lithium ikomeye ya sosiyete ya batiri namasosiyete akomeye yimodoka

Urebye ubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere, Toyota izwi nkumwe mubakinnyi bakomeye mubijyanye na bateri ya lithium ikomeye cyane mubihugu byamahanga.Toyota yatangije bwa mbere iterambere ryingenzi muri 2008 ubwo yakoranye na Ilika, bateri ya lithium ikomeye.Muri kamena 2020, imodoka ya Toyota ifite amashanyarazi ifite bateri zose za lithium-ikomeye-yamaze gukora ibizamini byo gutwara ibinyabiziga.Ubu igeze ku cyiciro cyo kubona amakuru yo gutwara ibinyabiziga.Muri Nzeri 2021, Toyota yatangaje ko izashora miliyari 13.5 z'amadolari mu 2030 kugira ngo iteze imbere ibisekuruza bizakurikiraho ndetse n'iminyururu itanga amashanyarazi, harimo na batiri ya lithium ikomeye.Imbere mu gihugu, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Ingufu nshya za Qingtao, hamwe n’inganda za Ganfeng zashyizeho imirongo mito mito y’icyitegererezo kuri batiri ya litiro ikomeye muri 2019.Muri Nzeri 2021, Batiri ya Jiangsu Qingtao 368Wh / kg ikomeye ya litiro ya litiro yatsindiye icyemezo gikomeye cyo kugenzura igihugu, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.

Imbonerahamwe 2 Gahunda yo kubyara bateri ikomeye-yinganda zikomeye

Isesengura ryibikorwa bya okiside ishingiye kuri bateri ya lithium ikomeye, uburyo bwo gukanda bishyushye ni ihuriro rishya

Tekinoroji itoroshye yo gutunganya hamwe nigiciro kinini cyumusaruro byagiye bigabanya iterambere ryinganda za bateri ya lithium ikomeye.Guhindura inzira ya bateri ya lithium ikomeye-bigaragarira cyane cyane mubikorwa byo gutegura selile, kandi electrode zabo na electrolytite bifite ibisabwa byinshi mubidukikije, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3.

Imbonerahamwe 3 Isesengura ryibikorwa bya oxyde ishingiye kuri bateri ya lithium

1. Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho bisanzwe - imashini ishyushye

Intangarugero yimikorere yintangarugero: Imashini ishyushye ya lamination ikoreshwa cyane mugice cya synthesis igice cya selile ya batiri ya lithium ikomeye.Ugereranije na batiri ya lithium gakondo, inzira yo gukanda ishyushye ni ihuriro rishya, kandi ihuza inshinge yabuze.ibisabwa hejuru.

Ibikoresho byikora byikora:

• Buri sitasiyo igomba gukoresha moteri ya 3 ~ 4 axis servo moteri, zikoreshwa mukumurika no kumurika;

• Koresha HMI kugirango werekane ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya, sisitemu yo gushyushya ikenera sisitemu yo kugenzura PID, isaba sensor yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi bisaba umubare munini;

• Umugenzuzi PLC afite ibisabwa byisumbuyeho kugenzura neza nigihe gito cyigihe.Mugihe kizaza, iyi moderi igomba gutezwa imbere kugirango igere kuri ultra-yihuta-yihuta-yihuta.

Abakora ibikoresho birimo: Xi'an Tiger Electromechanical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Xuchong Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Haimuxing Laser Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., na Shenzhen Bangqi Chuangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.

2. Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho bisanzwe - imashini itera

Intangarugero yimikorere yintangarugero: Ifu ivanze ifu itangwa kumutwe wa casting binyuze mumashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo kugaburira byikora, hanyuma bigashyirwa mubikorwa bya scraper, roller, micro-concave hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutwikira ukurikije ibisabwa, hanyuma bikumishwa mumurongo wumye.Kaseti fatizo hamwe numubiri wicyatsi birashobora gukoreshwa mugusubiza inyuma.Nyuma yo gukama, umubiri wicyatsi urashobora gukurwaho no gutemagurwa, hanyuma ukagabanywa mubugari bwagenwe nuwukoresha kugirango atere ibikoresho bya firime ubusa nimbaraga nimbaraga.

Ibikoresho byikora byikora:

• Servo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugusubiza inyuma no kudashaka, gukosora gutandukana, kandi umugenzuzi wa tension arasabwa kugirango ahindure impagarara ahantu hahindukira kandi atabishaka;

• Koresha HMI kugirango ugaragaze ubushyuhe, sisitemu yo gushyushya ikeneye sisitemu yo kugenzura PID;

• Umuyaga uhumeka umuyaga ugomba gutegekwa nu guhinduranya inshuro.

Abakora ibikoresho barimo: Zhejiang Delong Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Kunyuan Casting Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Fenghua High-tech Co., Ltd. - Ishami ry’ibikoresho bya Xinbaohua.

3. Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho bisanzwe - urusyo

Icyitegererezo cyibikorwa byintangarugero: Byashyizwe mubikorwa byo gukoresha amasaro mato mato, kuva gutandukana byoroshye kugeza gusya cyane-imbaraga zo gusya kubikorwa byiza.

Ibikoresho byikora byikora:

• Uruganda rwumucanga rufite ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango bigenzurwe, mubisanzwe ntabwo ukoresha servos, ariko ukoresha moteri isanzwe ya voltage ntoya kugirango itunganyirizwe umucanga;

• Koresha inshuro zihindura kugirango uhindure umuvuduko wa spindle, ushobora kugenzura gusya kw'ibikoresho kumuvuduko utandukanye kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gusya ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Abakora ibikoresho birimo: Wuxi Shaohong Powder Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Rujia Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., na Dongguan Nalong Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.