Moteri ikora neza ni iki? Moteri isanzwe: 70% ~ 95% yingufu zamashanyarazi zinjizwa na moteri zihindurwamo ingufu za mashini (agaciro keza nikimenyetso cyingenzi cya moteri), naho 30% ~ 5% yingufu zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa na moteri ubwayo kubera kubyara ubushyuhe, gutakaza imashini, nibindi. Iki gice rero cyingufu kiraseswa. Moteri ikora neza: bivuga moteri ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha ingufu, kandi imikorere yayo igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa murwego rwo hejuru.Kuri moteri isanzwe, buri 1% kwiyongera mubikorwa ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye, kandi ibikoresho biziyongera cyane.Iyo imikorere ya moteri igeze ku gaciro runaka, niyo ibintu byongeweho byinshi, ntibishobora kunozwa.Ibyinshi muri moteri ikora neza ku isoko muri iki gihe ni igisekuru gishya cya moteri eshatu zidafite moteri, bivuze ko ihame ryibanze ryakazi ridahindutse. Moteri ikora neza itezimbere umusaruro mukugabanya gutakaza ingufu za electromagnetique, ingufu zubushyuhe ningufu za mashini hifashishijwe igishushanyo gishya cya moteri, ikoranabuhanga rishya nibikoresho bishya.Ugereranije na moteri isanzwe, ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu zo gukoresha moteri ikora neza iragaragara cyane.Mubisanzwe, imikorere irashobora kwiyongera ku kigereranyo cya 3% kugeza 5%.Mu gihugu cyanjye, ingufu za moteri zigabanijwe mu nzego 3, muri zo ingufu zikoreshwa mu rwego rwa 1 nizo hejuru.Mubikorwa byubwubatsi nyabyo, mubisanzwe, moteri ikora cyane bivuga moteri ikora neza yujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu giteganijwe GB 18613-2020 “Imipaka yingufu zingufu hamwe n’amanota y’ingufu za moteri y’amashanyarazi” no hejuru y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu rwego rwa 2, cyangwa yashyizwe muri moteri ya "Ingufu zizigama ingufu zifasha abantu umushinga" Cataloge "nazo zishobora gufatwa nkujuje ibisabwa na moteri ikora neza. Kubwibyo, itandukaniro riri hagati ya moteri ikora neza na moteri isanzwe igaragarira cyane cyane mubice bibiri: 1. Gukora neza.Moteri ikora neza igabanya igihombo ukoresheje stator zifatika hamwe na rotor yibibanza, ibipimo byabafana, hamwe na sinusoidal.Imikorere iruta iyo moteri isanzwe.Moteri ikora neza cyane iri hejuru ya 3% ugereranije na moteri isanzwe mugereranije, na moteri ya ultra-high-efficient moteri iri hejuru ya 5% murwego rwo hejuru..2. Gukoresha ingufu.Ugereranije na moteri isanzwe, gukoresha ingufu za moteri ikora neza bigabanukaho hafi 20% ugereranije, mugihe ingufu zikoreshwa na moteri ya ultra-high-moteri igabanukaho hejuru ya 30% ugereranije na moteri isanzwe. Nkibikoresho byamashanyarazi byifashishwa n’amashanyarazi menshi mu gihugu cyanjye, moteri ikoreshwa cyane muri pompe, abafana, compressor, imashini zohereza, nibindi, kandi gukoresha amashanyarazi bingana na 60% byokoresha amashanyarazi muri societe yose.Kuri iki cyiciro, urwego rwimikorere ya moteri yingenzi ikora cyane kumasoko ni IE3, ishobora kuzamura ingufu zirenga 3% ugereranije na moteri isanzwe.“Gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gukuramo karubone Mbere ya 2030 ″ yatanzwe n'Inama ya Leta isaba ko ibikoresho by'ingenzi bitwara ingufu nka moteri, abafana, pompe, na compressor byazamurwa mu rwego rwo kuzigama ingufu no kuzamura imikorere, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa n'ibikoresho bigezweho kandi bikora neza. , kwihutisha kurandura ibikoresho bisubira inyuma kandi bidafite ubushobozi buke, no kunoza inganda n’ubwubatsi.Terminal, gukoresha ingufu mucyaro, amashanyarazi ya sisitemu ya gari ya moshi.Muri icyo gihe kandi, “Gahunda yo Kongera ingufu za moteri (2021-2023)” yatanzwe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko yavuze neza ko mu 2023, umusaruro w’umwaka wa moteri ikora neza kugera kuri miliyoni 170 kilowatts.Umubare ugomba kuba hejuru ya 20%.Kwihutisha kurandura moteri zidafite ubushobozi buke muri serivisi no guteza imbere cyane umusaruro no gukoresha ibikoresho bya moteri ikora neza ninzira zingenzi igihugu cyanjye kigera kuri karuboni mu 2030 no kutabogama kwa karubone muri 2060.
Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’imodoka zikora neza kandi guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa kugabanya karubone byageze ku musaruro udasanzwe uruganda rwanjye rutwara ibinyabiziga ni runini mubipimo.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2020 umusaruro w’inganda zikomoka ku nganda zizaba miliyoni 323.Inganda zikora ibinyabiziga zikwirakwizwa cyane muri Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong na Henan.Umubare w’inganda zikora ibinyabiziga muri izi ntara umunani n’imijyi zingana na 85% by’umubare w’inganda zikora ibinyabiziga mu gihugu cyanjye.
igihugu cyanjye gifite umusaruro ushimishije wo gutwara ibinyabiziga no kumenyekanisha no kubishyira mu bikorwa byageze ku musaruro udasanzwe.Dukurikije “Impapuro zera ku mishinga yo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bifite ingufu nyinshi”, umusaruro wa moteri ikora neza na moteri yongeye gukora mu gihugu cyanjye wiyongereye uva kuri kilowati miliyoni 20.04 muri 2017 ugera kuri miliyoni 105 kilowati muri 2020, muri yo hakaba havuyemo umusaruro ushimishije. moteri yazamutse kuva kuri miliyoni 19.2 kilowat igera kuri miliyoni 102.7.Umubare w’abatwara ibinyabiziga bikora neza kandi wongeye gukora wiyongereye uva kuri 355 muri 2017 ugera ku 1.091 muri 2020, bingana n’abakora ibinyabiziga bava kuri 13.1% bagera kuri 40.4%.Sisitemu yo gutanga isoko nziza cyane no kugurisha isoko igenda irushaho kuba nziza.Umubare w'abatanga n'abagurisha wiyongereye uva kuri 380 muri 2017 ugera ku 1100 muri 2020, naho kugurisha muri 2020 bizagera kuri miliyoni 94 kilowat.Umubare wibigo bikoresha moteri ikora neza na moteri yongeye gukora bikomeje kwiyongera.Umubare w’amasosiyete akoresha moteri ikora neza wiyongereye uva kuri 69.300 muri 2017 ugera ku barenga 94.000 muri 2020, kandi umubare w’amasosiyete akoresha moteri yongeye gukora wiyongereye uva ku 6.500 ugera ku 10.500..
Kwamamara no gukoresha moteri ikora neza byageze ku musaruro udasanzwe mu kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya karubone.Dukurikije ibigereranyo, kuva 2017 kugeza 2020, kuzigama ingufu za buri mwaka mu kuzamura moteri ikora neza zizava kuri miliyari 2,64 kWh zigera kuri miliyari 10.7 kWh, naho kuzigama amashanyarazi bizaba miliyari 49.2 kWt;kugabanya buri mwaka imyuka ihumanya ikirere izamuka ikava kuri toni miliyoni 2.07 ikagera kuri toni miliyoni 14.9.Hafi ya toni zirenga miliyoni 30 zangiza imyuka ya gaze karuboni yagabanutse.
igihugu cyanjye gifata ingamba nyinshi zo guteza imbere moteri ikora neza igihugu cyanjye gifite akamaro kanini mu kuzamura ingufu za moteri no guteza imbere moteri ikora neza, yatanze politiki nyinshi zijyanye na moteri, kandi ishyira mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi zo kuzamura mu buryo burambuye.
▍Muriingingo zo kuyobora politiki,wibande kunoza ingufu za moteri na sisitemu zabo, no gukuraho moteri nkeya.Kuyobora no gushishikariza ibigo kuvanaho moteri zidafite ingufu binyuze mu kugenzura ingufu z’inganda, gahunda yo kunoza ingufu za moteri, no gusohora “Catalogi yo Kurandura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikoresha ingufu (Ibicuruzwa)”.Mugihe cy "gahunda yimyaka 13 yimyaka itanu", hakozwe ubugenzuzi bwihariye kubyerekeye umusaruro no gukoresha ibicuruzwa byingenzi bitwara ingufu nka moteri na pompe kugirango bongere ingufu za moteri.Habonetse moteri zigera ku 150.000 zidafite ubushobozi buke, kandi ibigo byategetswe gukosora mugihe ntarengwa.
▍Muriingingo z'ubuyobozi busanzwe,moteri yingufu za moteri irashyirwa mubikorwa kandi ikirango gikoresha ingufu za moteri gishyirwa mubikorwa.Muri 2020, hashyizweho ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu byigihugu "Ingufu zingirakamaro zemerwa nagaciro hamwe ningufu zingufu za moteri yamashanyarazi" (GB 18613-2020), zasimbuye "Ingufu zingirakamaro zemerwa nagaciro hamwe ningufu zingirakamaro zo mucyiciro gito n'iciriritse- Ingano Ibyiciro bitatu bya moteri ya Asynchronous Motors "(GB 1 8 6 1 3 - 2 0 1 2) na" Ingufu Zishobora Kwemererwa Indangagaciro hamwe n’amasomo yo gukoresha ingufu kuri moteri ntoya "(GB 25958-2010).Kurekura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho byazamuye igihugu cyanjye ingufu nke za IE2 kugera ku rwego rwa IE3, bituma abakora ibinyabiziga bakora moteri irenga urwego rwa IE3, kandi bikomeza guteza imbere umusaruro wa moteri ikora neza no kongera imigabane ku isoko.Muri icyo gihe, moteri yo kugurisha irasabwa gushyirwaho ibirango bigezweho bitanga ingufu, kugirango abaguzi bashobore kumva neza urwego rwimikorere ya moteri yaguzwe.
▍ Kubijyanye no kumenyekanisha no kuzamura ibikorwa,kurekura kataloge yamamaza, gukora amahugurwa ya tekiniki, no gutegura ibikorwa nka "kwinjiza serivisi zizigama ingufu mubigo".Binyuze mu gusohora ibyiciro bitandatu bya "" Ibicuruzwa bizigama ingufu bigirira akamaro umushinga "Cataloge yo kuzamura moteri yo mu rwego rwo hejuru", ibyiciro bitanu bya "Catalogi y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu mu nganda", ibice icumi bya "" Ingufu zikoresha ingufu " Catalog ”, ibyiciro birindwi bya“ Ibikoresho bizigama ingufu za elegitoroniki zikoreshwa mu bikoresho (Ibicuruzwa) byasabwe Cataloge ”, birasaba moteri ikora neza n'ibikoresho bizigama ingufu n'ibicuruzwa ukoresheje moteri ikora neza muri sosiyete, kandi ikayobora ibigo gukoresha moteri ikora neza.Muri icyo gihe, "Cataloging Products Catalog" yasohotse mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kongera gukora moteri zidafite ubushobozi buke muri moteri ikora neza no kuzamura urwego rwo gutunganya umutungo.Kubakozi bashinzwe gucunga moteri hamwe nabakozi bashinzwe gucunga ingufu zinganda zikoresha ingufu, tegura amahugurwa menshi kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo kuzigama moteri.Mu 2021, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho izategura kandi inzego zibishinzwe gukora ibikorwa 34 “bizigama ingufu mu bigo”.
▍Muriingingo za serivisi tekinike,tegura ibyiciro bitatu bya serivisi zo gupima ingufu zo kuzigama inganda.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 kugeza mu mpera za 2021, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yateguye ibigo by’abandi bantu bigamije gusuzuma isuzuma ry’ingufu kugira ngo isuzume ingufu zizigama ingufu mu bigo 20.000, inasuzuma urwego rukoresha ingufu n’imikorere nyayo y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi nkibyo nka moteri, abafana, compressor de air, na pompe.Gufasha ibigo kumenya moteri ikora neza, gusesengura ubushobozi bwa moteri ikora neza yo kuzamura no kuyishyira mu bikorwa, no kuyobora ibigo gukora kubungabunga ingufu za moteri.
▍Muriingingo z'inkunga y'amafaranga,moteri ikora neza ishyirwa mubikorwa byo gushyira mubikorwa ibicuruzwa bizigama ingufu kugirango bigirire akamaro abaturage.Minisiteri y’Imari itanga inkunga y’amafaranga ku bicuruzwa bifite moteri y’ubwoko butandukanye, amanota n’ububasha ukurikije ingufu zapimwe.Guverinoma yo hagati igenera inkunga yinganda zikora moteri ikora neza, kandi abayikora bayigurisha kubakoresha moteri, pompe zamazi nabafana kubiciro byingoboka.Inganda zikora ibikoresho byuzuye.Ariko, guhera muri Werurwe 2017, kugura ibicuruzwa bifite moteri ikora neza murutonde rw "ibicuruzwa bizigama ingufu bifasha abaturage" ntibizongera kubona inkunga yimari nkuru.Kugeza ubu, uturere tumwe na tumwe nka Shanghai nabwo twashyizeho amafaranga yihariye yo gushyigikira iterambere rya moteri ikora neza.
Gutezimbere moteri ikora neza mugihugu cyanjye iracyafite imbogamizi
Nubwo kuzamura moteri ikora neza byageze ku bisubizo bimwe, ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere nk’Uburayi na Amerika, igihugu cyanjye cyafashe urwego rwa IE3 nk’umubare muto w’ingufu za moteri mu gihe gito (guhera ku ya 1 Kamena, 2021), hamwe nisoko ryisoko rya moteri ikora neza hejuru yurwego rwa IE3 Igipimo ni gito.Muri icyo gihe, kongera ikoreshwa rya moteri ikora neza mu Bushinwa no guteza imbere moteri ikora neza iracyafite ibibazo byinshi.
Abaguzi ntibashishikajwe cyane no kugura moteri ikora neza
Guhitamo moteri ikora neza ifite inyungu ndende kubaguzi, ariko bisaba abaguzi kongera ishoramari mumitungo itimukanwa, bizana igitutu cyubukungu kubaguzi ba moteri.Muri icyo gihe, abaguzi bamwe ntibabura gusobanukirwa nubuzima bwikurikiranya ryibicuruzwa, bitondera ishoramari rimwe ryamafaranga, ntibazirikane ikiguzi mugikorwa cyo gukoresha, kandi bafite impungenge zijyanye no kwizerwa kwiza no guhagarara neza. ya moteri ikora neza, bityo ntibashaka kugura moteri ikora neza kubiciro biri hejuru.
Iterambere ryinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga risigaye inyuma
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga ninganda zikora cyane kandi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.Isoko ryibanze rya moteri nini nini nini nini cyane, naho iy'imodoka ntoya nini nini nini.Kugeza mu 2020, mu gihugu cyanjye hari inganda zikora ibinyabiziga zigera ku 2.700, muri zo imishinga mito n'iciriritse ifite umubare munini.Izi mishinga mito n'iciriritse yibanda ku musaruro wa moteri nto n'iziciriritse kandi zifite ubushobozi buke bwa R&D, bivamo ibintu bike bya tekiniki kandi byongerewe agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byakozwe.Byongeye kandi, igiciro gito cya moteri isanzwe cyatumye abaguzi ba nyuma bahitamo kugura moteri isanzwe, bigatuma bamwe mubakora moteri bagikora moteri zisanzwe.Muri 2020, umusaruro w’inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda n’inganda zingana na 31.8% by’umusaruro rusange wa moteri y’inganda.
Hano hari moteri nyinshi zisanzwe mububiko hamwe nababitanga benshi
Moteri isanzwe igera kuri 90% ya moteri ikorera mugihugu cyanjye.Moteri zisanzwe ziri hasi kubiciro, byoroshye muburyo, byoroshye kubungabunga, igihe kirekire mubuzima bwa serivisi, kandi bifite isoko rinini ryabatanga isoko, bizana inzitizi nini mukuzamura moteri ikora neza.igihugu cyanjye cyashyize mu bikorwa itegeko ngenderwaho ry’igihugu GB 18613-2012 kuva 2012, kandi rirateganya gukuraho ibarura ry’ibicuruzwa bifite moteri nkeya.Inzego zibishinzwe zisaba ko inganda zose, cyane cyane izikoresha ingufu nyinshi, zigomba guhagarika buhoro buhoro gukoresha moteri zidafite ubushobozi buke, ariko ibicuruzwa nkibi birashobora gukoreshwa mugihe bitujuje ubuziranenge.
Sisitemu yo guteza imbere moteri nziza cyane kandigukurikirana moteri
AmabwirizaSisitemu ntabwo yumvikana bihagije
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byingufu za moteri byatangajwe kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa, ariko harabura politiki yo gushyigikira nuburyo bwo kugenzura ibuza abakora ibinyabiziga gukora moteri zisanzwe.Inzego zibishinzwe zasohoye kataloge y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikoresho bikoresha moteri nziza cyane, ariko nta buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko.Bashobora gusa guhatira inganda zingenzi ninganda zingenzi gukuraho moteri zidakorwa neza binyuze mu kugenzura ingufu z’inganda.Sisitemu ya politiki kumpande zombi zitangwa nibisabwa ntabwo itunganye, yazanye inzitizi mukuzamura moteri ikora neza.Muri icyo gihe, politiki y’imari n’imisoro na politiki y’inguzanyo yo gushyigikira kuzamura moteri ikora neza ntabwo yumvikana bihagije, kandi biragoye ko abaguzi benshi bafite moteri babona inkunga muri banki zubucuruzi.
Ibyifuzo bya Politiki yo Guteza Imbere Moteri nziza Gutezimbere moteri ikora neza bisaba guhuza abakora ibinyabiziga, abaguzi ba moteri, na politiki yo gushyigikira.By'umwihariko, gushyiraho ibidukikije aho abakora ibinyabiziga bakora cyane moteri ikora neza kandi abaguzi ba moteri bahitamo cyane moteri ikora neza ningirakamaro mugutezimbere moteri ikora neza.
Tanga umukino wuzuye kuruhare rwibipimo
Ibipimo ninkunga yingenzi ya tekiniki yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bwinganda zimodoka.Igihugu cyatanze itegeko ryemewe cyangwa ryemewe mu rwego rw’igihugu / inganda nka GB 18613-2020 kuri moteri, ariko harabura amategeko ashyigikira abuza abakora ibinyabiziga gukora munsi y’agaciro ntarengwa k’ingufu zikoreshwa.Ibicuruzwa bya moteri, guhamagarira ibigo gusezera kuri moteri ikora neza.Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2020, kilowat miliyoni 170 zose za moteri zidafite ingufu zavanyweho, ariko kilowati miliyoni 31 gusa muri zo zasimbuwe na moteri ikora neza.Harakenewe byihutirwa gushyira ahagaragara no gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo, gushimangira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibipimo, kugenzura imikoreshereze y’ibipimo, guhangana n’imyitwarire idakurikiza amahame mu gihe gikwiye, gushimangira ubugenzuzi bw’abakora ibinyabiziga, no kwiyongera. igihano cyo kurenga ku masosiyete atwara ibinyabiziga.Ushaka gukora moteri ikora neza, abaguzi ba moteri ntibashobora kugura moteri ikora neza.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya moteri idakora neza
Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ikora imirimo yo kugenzura kuzigama ingufu buri mwaka, ikora ubugenzuzi bwihariye ku kuzamura ingufu z’ibicuruzwa n’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu zikoresha ingufu, ikanagaragaza moteri n’abafana bidakorwa neza nk'uko bivugwa na “High Energy Consumption Olddated Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki (Ibicuruzwa) Catalogi yo Kurandura ”(Batch 1 to 4), Compressors yo mu kirere, pompe nibindi bicuruzwa bishaje bikoresha moteri nkibikoresho byo gutwara.Nyamara, iki gikorwa cyo gukurikirana kigamije ahanini inganda zingenzi zitwara ingufu nkicyuma nicyuma, gushonga ibyuma bidafite fer, imiti ya peteroli, nibikoresho byubwubatsi, kandi biragoye gukwirakwiza inganda ninganda zose.Icyifuzo gikurikiraho ni ugushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byo kurandura ibinyabiziga bidakorwa neza, kuvanaho moteri zidakorwa mukarere, icyiciro, nigihe cyagenwe, no gusobanura igihe cyo kurandura, gushyigikira ingamba zo guhana no guhana buri bwoko bwa moteri idakora kugirango bashishikarize ibigo kubikuraho mugihe cyagenwe .Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kuzirikana imikorere nyayo yikigo.Urebye ko uruganda runini rukoresha moteri nini kandi rufite amafaranga akomeye, mugihe uruganda rumwe ruciriritse ruciriritse rukoresha moteri nkeya kandi rufite amafaranga make ugereranije, icyiciro-cyiciro kigomba kugenwa ukundi, kandi icyiciro-cyiciro cya moteri idakora neza mumishinga minini igomba kugabanuka muburyo bukwiye.
Kunoza uburyo bwo gushimangira no gukumira inganda zikora ibinyabiziga
Ubushobozi bwa tekiniki ninzego zikoranabuhanga zamasosiyete akora ibinyabiziga ntibingana.Ibigo bimwe ntabwo bifite ubushobozi bwa tekiniki bwo gukora moteri ikora neza.Birakenewe kumenya imiterere yihariye yamasosiyete akora inganda zo mu gihugu no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryibigo binyuze muri politiki ishimangira imari nko kuguriza inguzanyo no korohereza imisoro.Kugenzura no kubasaba kuzamura no kuyihindura mumirongo ikora neza ya moteri mugihe cyagenwe, no kugenzura inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga kudakora moteri zidafite ubushobozi buke mugihe cyo guhindura no guhinduka.Kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryibikoresho bito bito bikoresha moteri kugirango wirinde abakora ibinyabiziga kugura ibikoresho bito bito bya moteri.Muri icyo gihe, ongera igenzura ry'icyitegererezo cya moteri zagurishijwe ku isoko, utangaze ibyavuye mu igenzura ry'icyitegererezo ku baturage mu gihe gikwiye, kandi umenyeshe ababikora ibicuruzwa byabo bitujuje ibyangombwa bisanzwe kandi bikosorwe mu gihe ntarengwa. .
Shimangira imyiyerekano no kuzamura moteri ikora neza
Shishikariza abakora ibinyabiziga n’abakoresha moteri ikora neza kugira ngo bafatanyirize hamwe kubaka ingero zerekana ingufu zo kuzigama ingufu kugira ngo abaguzi bige ku mikorere ya moteri no kubungabunga ingufu aho hantu, kandi buri gihe bamenyeshe abaturage amakuru azigama ingufu za moteri kugira ngo bagire byinshi gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu za moteri ikora neza.
Gushiraho urubuga rwo kuzamura moteri ikora neza, kwerekana amakuru ajyanye nubushobozi bwabakora ibinyabiziga, ibisobanuro byibicuruzwa, imikorere, nibindi, kumenyekanisha no gusobanura amakuru ya politiki ajyanye na moteri ikora neza, koroshya guhanahana amakuru hagati yinganda zikora moteri na moteri abaguzi, kandi ureke ababikora n'abaguzi Komeza umenye politiki iboneye.
Tegura kuzamura no guhugura moteri ikora neza kugirango urusheho kumenyekanisha abakoresha ibinyabiziga mu turere dutandukanye n’inganda kuri moteri ikora neza, kandi icyarimwe usubize ibibazo byabo.Shimangira ibigo bya serivisi byabandi kugirango batange serivisi zijyanye nubujyanama kubakoresha.
Guteza imbere kongera gukora moteri ikora neza
Kurandura kwinshi kwimoteri ikora neza bizatera guta umutungo kurwego runaka.Kongera gukora moteri ikora neza muri moteri ikora neza ntabwo yongerera ingufu ingufu za moteri gusa, ahubwo inongera gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, bifasha kuzamura iterambere ryicyatsi na karuboni nkeya murwego rwinganda;ugereranije no gukora moteri nshya ikora neza, irashobora kugabanya 50% Igiciro, 60% ikoreshwa ningufu, ibikoresho 70%.Gutegura no kunonosora amategeko n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kongera gukora moteri, gusobanura ubwoko n'imbaraga za moteri yongeye gukora, no kurekura icyiciro cy'inganda zerekana ubushobozi bwo gukora moteri, biganisha ku iterambere ry’inganda zikora moteri binyuze mu kwerekana.
Amasoko ya leta ateza imbere inganda zikora neza
Muri 2020, igipimo cy’amasoko ya leta y’igihugu kizaba kingana na tiriyari 3.697, bingana na 10.2% na 3,6% by’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gihugu ndetse na GDP.Binyuze mu gutanga amasoko ya leta, bayobora abakora ibinyabiziga gutanga cyane moteri ikora neza kandi abaguzi kugura moteri ikora neza.Ubushakashatsi no gushyiraho politiki yo gutanga amasoko ya leta kubicuruzwa bya tekiniki bizigama ingufu nka moteri ikora neza, pompe nabafana ukoresheje moteri ikora neza, harimo moteri ikora neza hamwe nibicuruzwa bya tekiniki bizigama ingufu ukoresheje moteri ikora neza murwego rwo gutanga amasoko ya leta , kandi ubihuze muburyo bufatika hamwe na catalogi yibicuruzwa bya moteri ibika ingufu, kwagura urugero nubunini bwamasoko ya leta.Binyuze mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’amasoko ya guverinoma y’icyatsi, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu zizigama ingufu nka moteri ikora neza ndetse no kuzamura ubushobozi bwa serivisi za tekiniki zo kubungabunga bizatezwa imbere.
Ongera inguzanyo, gushimangira imisoro nizindi nkunga kumpande zombi zitangwa nibisabwa
Kugura moteri ikora neza no kuzamura ubushobozi bwa tekinike yinganda zikora ibinyabiziga bisaba ishoramari ryinshi, kandi ibigo bigomba kwihanganira igitutu kinini cyubukungu, cyane cyane imishinga mito n'iciriritse.Binyuze mu nguzanyo zinguzanyo, shyigikira guhindura imirongo ikora moteri ikora neza mumirongo ikora neza cyane, kandi ugabanye igitutu cyishoramari ryabashoramari.Tanga uburyo bwo gutanga imisoro kubakora ibinyabiziga bikora neza kandi bakoresha moteri ikora neza, kandi ushyire mubikorwa ibiciro bitandukanye byamashanyarazi ukurikije urwego rukoresha ingufu za moteri zikoreshwa namasosiyete.Urwego rwo hejuru rukoresha ingufu, niko igiciro cyamashanyarazi ari cyiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-24-2023