Imiterere ya "ishoramari" rya NIO muri sitasiyo yo guhanahana amashanyarazi yasebejwe nk "amasezerano yo guta amafaranga", ariko "Amatangazo yo kunoza politiki y’ingoboka y’imari yo guteza imbere no gukoresha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu" yatanzwe hamwe na minisiteri na komisiyo enye gushimangira iyubakwa ry’amashanyarazi.Nyuma yinkunga yo gusimbuza moderi ya bateri, ibintu byose biba bitandukanye.Ku nkunga ya leta, inganda zo guhana amashanyarazi ubu ziratandukanye n'izo zahoze.Ntabwo Weilai gusa, ahubwo namasosiyete menshi nka GAC Aian, Ningde Times, Tesla, na Volkswagen yashora imari mubikorwa byo guhana amashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, ibuye rimwe ryakuruye imiraba igihumbi, kandi uburyo bwo guhanahana ingufu bwateje ibiganiro byihuse muruganda.Ndetse n'inshuti z'itsinda ry'abafana ba "EMF" ntibashoboraga kwicara barabaza bati: "Ese uburyo bwo guhana ingufu birashoboka?"
1 、
Ubushakashatsi budashira.
Mubyukuri, ubushakashatsi bwuburyo bwo guhana ingufu bwatangiye mubushinwa hashize imyaka irenga 20.Mu 2000, Dianba New Energy yashinzwe.Iterambere ryashizeho urufatiro.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza 2015, Leta ya Grid na Xuji Electric binjiye mu rwego rwo guhanahana amashanyarazi, ariko ntibyasubira inyuma, kandi ishoramari ryabo ntiryageze ku musaruro mwiza.
Uburyo bwo guhana ingufu bwatangije rwose impinduka mu iterambere.Mubyukuri, mu 2016, ubufatanye hagati ya BAIC New Energy na Aodong New Energy bwatangije “Imijyi icumi na Sitasiyo igihumbi Optimus Prime Plan”, maze uburyo bwo guhanahana imodoka zitwara abagenzi bwatangijwe ku isoko rya tagisi y’amashanyarazi..Noneho, amasosiyete yimodoka yimbere mu gihugu nka Weilai, GAC Aian, FAW Hongqi, na Geely bongereye "tekinoroji ya batiri ya chassis yo guhanahana ingufu" muburyo bumwe, bwateje imbere iterambere ryuburyo bwo guhana amashanyarazi.
By'umwihariko uyu mwaka, watangije “umwaka wa mbere wo gusimbuza bateri”, kandi ibigo byinshi byasohoye inyandiko-mvugo yabyo mu rwego rwo gusimbuza batiri.
Ku ya 18 Mutarama, igihangange cy’amashanyarazi CATL cyatangije EVOGO, ikirango cya swap ya batiri.Ku ya 18 Kamena, CATL yatangije serivise yo kugurisha batiri ya EVOGO i Hefei, muri Anhui.
Ku ya 24 Mutarama, Lifan Technology na Geely Automobile bafatanyije gushinga isosiyete ihuriweho n’imishinga, Ruilan Automobile, yinjiye ku isoko ry’imodoka nshya n’ingufu nshya zo guhinduranya bateri ”maze itunganya ibicuruzwa bishya bishingiye ku buryo bwo kwifashisha ubwikorezi bwa batiri (GBRC) guhinduranya bateri).urubuga) rutwikiriye sedan, SUV, MPVs ndetse n’ibinyabiziga bya logistique nizindi moderi, no gushyira imbaraga mubikorwa bya B-end-amamodoka hamwe na C-end kubakoresha gukoresha amashanyarazi icyarimwe.Ku ya 27 Mata, CATL na AIWAYS bashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubufatanye bwa batiri ya EVOGO.Nk’uko aya masezerano abiteganya, impande zombi zizakoresha AIWAYS U5 nk'itwara kugira ngo zifatanyirize hamwe hamwe guhinduranya swap ya batiri, biteganijwe ko izashyirwa ku isoko mu gihembwe cya kane cy'uyu mwaka., Aiways banyiri guhitamo verisiyo yo guhinduranya bateri barashobora kwishimira serivise ya batiri ya EVOGO itandukanya ingufu zimodoka, ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi kubisabwa, kandi irashobora kwishyurwa no gusimburwa.
Ku ya 6 Gicurasi, Changan Deep Blue yatangaje amakuru yimiterere ya sedan yayo C385, ishobora gushyigikira amasoko atandukanye yingufu zirimo uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri.Imodoka nshya izashyirwa ahagaragara kumugaragaro muri Kanama.Ku ya 2 Kamena, icyiciro cya mbere cya tagisi zahinduwe na batiri (Nezha U Pro) zageze i Nanning, Guangxi zatanzwe ku mugaragaro.Hezhong, Chery hamwe nizindi 16 OEM zageze ku bufatanye bwiterambere bwikigereranyo cya 30+ ya swap ya batiri) Bitewe numuyoboro uhuriweho na swap ya serivise yo gusana yubatswe muri Nanning hamwe na politiki yo guhinduranya bateri, Hozon Nezha afatanya na Aodong New Energy na Tagisi y'Amajyaruguru Isosiyete na ibindi bigo biteza imbere ikoreshwa no guteza imbere imbaraga zo guhanahana ingufu ku isoko rya Nanning.Ku ya 13 Kamena, MG MULAN yasohoye ku mugaragaro ikintu gishya cya tekiniki, maze bateri ya SAIC “Magic Cube” ishobora gushyigikira ihererekanyabubasha ryafunguwe bwa mbere.Ku ya 6 Nyakanga, NIO yavuze ko umubare rusange wa sitasiyo yo guhinduranya bateri mu gihugu wageze ku 1011.Imodoka ya Ruilan izaguka mu bice byose by'igihugu hamwe na “Chongqing” nk'ikigo cyayo cyo kubaka.Irateganya kubaka sitasiyo zirenga 5.000 zo guhindura bateri muri 2025, ikubiyemo 100. hejuru yimijyi.
Ibikorwa bikunze kugaragara mubirango bishya byimodoka zingufu nka SAIC, Changan, na Nezha kumasoko ya swap ya batiri byose bishingiye kumodoka yibiziga bibiri byabakoresha na politiki.
Byumvikane ko igipimo cy’imodoka z’ingufu nshya giteganijwe kurenga 30% muri 2025, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane abakoresha icyifuzo cyo kongerera ingufu ingufu.Byongeye kandi, muri 2020, ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bizashyirwa mu bice birindwi remezo;kuva mu 2021, politiki zifatika zagiye zishyirwaho buri gihe, kandi raporo y'imirimo ya leta isaba neza ko hongerwa iyubakwa ry'ibikoresho nko kwishyuza ibirundona swap.
2 、
Ibyiza nibibi byo guhinduranya bateri.
Kugeza ubu, ingufu ziyongera z’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi zishingiye ku buryo bubiri: guhinduranya bateri no kwishyuza, ariko ingingo nk '“guhinduranya bateri bizasimbuza kwishyurwa?”kandi "uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri ni bwiza cyangwa uburyo bwo kwishyuza ni bwiza?", ibigo bimwe byimodoka ndetse ninzobere mu nganda bemeza ko bari mumibanire irushanwa.
Mbere, Tong Zongqi, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe amakuru mu ishyirahamwe rishinzwe guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, yagize ati: “Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gusimbuza batiri bwibanda cyane cyane mu bikorwa ndetse n’amakamyo aremereye.Imodoka nshya zingufu mubikorera ziracyiganjemo kwishyurwa gahoro, byongerwaho no kwishyurwa byihuse, no gusimbuza bateri.Ntabwo bizaba inzira nyamukuru nk'inyongera. ”
Bamwe mu bahanga bavuze kandi ko kwishyuza byihuse byangiza cyane amashanyarazi kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri gride.Cyane cyane iyo umubare munini wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi byihuse icyarimwe, umuyoboro wamashanyarazi waho uzaba ufite igitutu kinini, kandi gusimbuza bateri bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kuri bateri.Ibyangiritse ni bito, kandi amashanyarazi n’impinga n’ibibaya nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa, bishobora guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryingufu.
Li Shufu, umuyobozi wa Geely Holding Group, uhagarariye Kongere y’igihugu y’igihugu, yasabye ko hongerwa iyubakwa rya gahunda yo guhana amashanyarazi mu nama zombi uyu mwaka.Yizera ko uburyo bwo guhanahana ingufu zo gutandukanya ibinyabiziga n’amashanyarazi bifite inyungu ebyiri kurenza uburyo bwo kwishyuza, aribwo buryo bwo kuzuza ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro.
Kubijyanye no kongera ingufu zingirakamaro cyane, mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kumasoko bikoresha uburyo bwo kwishyuza byihuse, ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi birashobora kwishyurwa kuva 30% kugeza 80% muminota igera kuri 30 (mubyukuri muminota irenga 30), kandi bifata iminota 1 -5 gusa cyangwa irenga.Biravugwa ko Aodong New Energy iheruka kubyara amashanyarazi ya kane y’amashanyarazi yageze ku nzira yose yiminota 1, kandi uburyo bwo guhererekanya amashanyarazi bufata 20S gusa, bugereranywa nubwa lisansi.
Kubijyanye nigiciro, bateri yumuriro igera kuri 40% yimodoka yose.Uburyo bwo kwishyuza "ibinyabiziga-amashanyarazi" byongera cyane ibiciro byimodoka yose.Muburyo bwo gutandukanya ibinyabiziga-amashanyarazi, igiciro cyo kugura ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kirashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri kimwe cya kabiri.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri ntibugabanya gusa igihe cyo kwishyuza, ahubwo binagabanya umuvuduko wumurongo wamashanyarazi, kandi birashobora no kugabanya igiciro, mubisanzwe kimaze kwibandwaho ninganda.
Mubusanzwe, uburyo bwo gusimbuza bateri buroroshye cyane, ni ukuvuga, ipaki ya chassis cyangwa amashanyarazi yinyuma ikoreshwa mumodoka nshya yingufu ihujwe nubuhanga bwo gusimbuza bateri, hanyuma ipaki ya batiri ikurwaho igasimburwa kuri sitasiyo isimburwa kugirango igere kuri intego yo kongera ingufu.
Impamvu ibigo byinshi byita kuburyo bwo gusimbuza bateri ni uko bikwiriye "kwishyurwa, gusimburwa, no kuzamurwa" mu bihe bitandukanye, kandi bifite ibiranga gutandukana, gukora neza, korohereza, n'umutekano.Usibye inyongera-yuzuye yinyongera yavuzwe haruguru, ibyiza byayo birimo ingingo enye zikurikira:
1. Ongera igihe cya bateri.Batare muburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri yishyurwa kumuvuduko umwe kandi yibanda mubushyuhe burigihe hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, burinda SOH (ubuzima) na SOC (intera igenda) muri bateri.Nubwo hakonje, irashobora gutanga byihuse imodoka yuzuye.Batteri, ntugahangayikishwe no kutishyuza.
2. Kunoza umutekano wa batiri.Muburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri, inyuma ya sitasiyo ya swap izasesengura uko bateri ihagaze mugihe kandi ikureho amakosa ya bateri hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gucunga umutekano, bityo bigabanye gutwika ibinyabiziga nigihombo cyumutekano cyatewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa batiri yumuriro.
3. Hisha urwego rwo kugura imodoka.Ugereranije nuburyo bwo kwishyuza “ibinyabiziga-amashanyarazi”, uburyo bwo guhanahana “ibinyabiziga-amashanyarazi” bikwiranye no gukodesha ibintu bitandukanye bya bateri zamashanyarazi mubihe bitandukanye byurugendo, ibyo ntibishobora kugabanya gusa ikiguzi cyumukoresha, ahubwo binamenya igihe kirekire -imodoka ikoreshwa neza..
4. Ifasha gutunganya neza.Kurugero, ikoreshwa rya casade ya batiri ya lithium irashobora kuzamura neza ingaruka zubukungu muri societe yose.
Birumvikana ko hari ibyiza n'ibibi byo guhinduranya.Guhinduranya Bateri ni inganda ziremereye, zifite umutwaro munini ugereranije nabashoramari nigihe kirekire cyo kwishyura.Gucomeka kenshi no gucomeka bateri yingufu ni bibi.Muri icyo gihe, abahanga bamwe bagaragaje ko ikigereranyo cy’imodoka zahinduwe na bateri zabitswe zigomba kuba 1: 1.3 kugira ngo zishyire mu gaciro, ariko siko bimeze.
Dufashe NIO nk'urugero, igipimo kiriho cya NIO no gusimbuza bateri ni 1: 1.04.Kuberako igipimo cyo kugura imodoka no gusimbuza bateri bigaragara ko kitangana, NIO yubatse bateri zisimbura mumyaka ibiri ishize.Hamwe nimbaraga muri sitasiyo yamashanyarazi, gahunda yo kugura imodoka ya Baas yatangijwe na Weilai yabaye uburyo bwo kuzamura ibicuruzwa bishya.
Ku ya 28 Kamena, NIO yavuze ko yatanze serivisi zirenga miliyoni 9.7 zo kugurisha bateri kuri sitasiyo 997 zo ku isi hose, kandi ikuzuza ibirundo 4.795 birenze urugero hamwe n’ibirometero 4.391 byishyuza ibirundo, ariko bikiri mu gihombo..
3 、
Hariho ingorane nyinshi, kandi inyungu yinyungu nikizamini cyanyuma.
Impamvu sosiyete zimwe zimodoka zidafite ikizere kubijyanye na moderi yo guhinduranya bateri nuko ikora intego imwe kandi idafite ibipimo.
Kubera itandukaniro mubishushanyo mbonera bya batiri, ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, nibindi, ubwinshi bwingufu nubunini bwa bateri yumuriro ntabwo ari kimwe.Kubwibyo, guhanahana amashanyarazi birashobora gutanga icyitegererezo kimwe gusa, bizaganisha byoroshye kumashanyarazi adafite imbaraga no gukora neza.Ibihe bike nibindi bihe, bityo kuzamura igiciro cyo gukora nubunini bwikigereranyo cyo kubaka sitasiyo yamashanyarazi.
Mubyukuri, logique yibanze yo guhinduranya batiri iri mu gutandukanya ibinyabiziga n’amashanyarazi, bateri zisanzwe, no gushyira mu bikorwa ingufu zigenga zifunze.Ariko, biragoye rwose gutunganya bateri.Hariho isoko rya bateri zingufu zigera kuri 145.Uburyo bwo guhererekanya ingufu burimo guhanahana ingufu kuruhande, guhanahana amashanyarazi munsi, no guhana ingufu za chassis.Biragoye guhindura ingufu nshya kubwimpamvu nyinshi.Ababikora bafite ibitekerezo byubushakashatsi hamwe nibipimo bya bateri yingufu, niba rero ushaka kugera ku gipimo cya "swap ya batiri rusange", ugomba kurenga icyuho kinini.
Kandi kubera isano ihiganwa hagati yinganda zikora ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, igishushanyo cya bateri yingufu nuburyo bwo guhanahana amashanyarazi biratandukanye, kandi ntamuntu numwe wifuza gutangaza ibisubizo byabo bwite cyangwa gufata ibisubizo bihanganye.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo byinshi bimaze gutangira igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikoresho bya batiri, ariko bizatwara igihe cyo gukora ingufu zo kurwana.
Nyamara, imbogamizi nini kuburyo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi ntabwo ari ukubura ibipimo bihuriweho na bateri y’amashanyarazi, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kuzamura igipimo cy’imikoreshereze ya sitasiyo imwe kugirango ugere ku nyungu.
Dukurikije icyitegererezo cyo kubara ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi bwa CITIC, ikiguzi cyo kubaka sitasiyo imwe ya sitasiyo itwara abagenzi igera kuri miliyoni 4.9, naho amafaranga yo kubaka sitasiyo imwe ya sitasiyo y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi ni miliyoni 10.Gucamo-ndetse ingingo ya mbere ihuye na 20% yikigereranyo cyo gukoresha.Kubara hafi ni ugukorera ibinyabiziga 60 kumunsi;gucamo-ndetse ingingo ya nyuma ni 10%, ni ukuvuga imodoka 24 zitangwa kumunsi.Urebye ku mubare wa swap kuri iki cyiciro, gucamo-ndetse ingingo ntishobora kugerwaho na gato.
Amakuru arashobora kwerekana buri gihe ibintu byukuri.Dufashe nk'urugero rwa gatatu rukora amashanyarazi Aodong New Energy nk'urugero, amafaranga yinjije kuva muri 2018 kugeza 2020 yari miliyoni 82.4749, miliyoni 212 na miliyoni 190, naho igihombo cyangiritse ni miliyoni 186, miliyoni 162 na miliyoni 249, hamwe no gutakaza igihombo cya miliyoni 597 mu myaka itatu.
Kubwibyo, imbere yisoko rito ugereranije no kugurisha imodoka kumurongo, imiterere ya sitasiyo yo guhinduranya bateri ntago itunganye, kandi kudahuza ibipimo bya batiri bigira ingaruka kumpamvu ninzira ziterambere zimpande zose.Biragoye cyane kuri OEM.
4 、
nyuma:
Ntawahakana ko, ugereranije no kwishyuza, guhinduranya batiri bifite inyungu nini muburyo bwo kuzuza ingufu.
Tutibagiwe niba uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri buzasimbuza uburyo bwo kwishyuza mugihe kizaza, byibuze duhereye ku masosiyete menshi yimodoka yitabira uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri, igisubizo cyo guhinduranya bateri kirashoboka, gucunga neza bateri, hitawe kubikwa ingufu , n'ingaruka ntoya kuri power gride irihuta.Kwishyurwa ntibishobora gukorwa.
Dufatiye ku nganda, niba ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe no guhuriza hamwe bateri y’amashanyarazi bigerwaho, bizashoboka kugera ku bicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa hamwe hamwe n’isoko ry’isoko ryahurijwe hamwe, bizateza imbere no mu majyepfo y’urunani rushya rw’inganda zikoresha ingufu.
Ahari igihe kirekire mugihe kizaza, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bizakomeza gushingira cyane kumashanyarazi gahoro, byongerwaho no kwishyurwa byihuse no guhinduranya bateri.Igipimo cy’amashanyarazi ahuriweho n’igihugu ntigishobora gukemurwa, ariko twizera ko igihe cyose hakenewe isoko, sisitemu yo gukurikirana igomba kurushaho kunozwa., ifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza n'imiterere yo gutandukanya ibinyabiziga n'amashanyarazi.Nyuma yuburyo bwa bateri-swap yamenyekanye, amasosiyete menshi yimodoka akora itsinda kugirango agere kubipimo bya batiri 2-3, noneho uburyo bwa bateri-swap bugomba kugira umwanya wo kubaho no kwiteza imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-17-2022