Mu myaka 140 yiterambere ryinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, imbaraga zishaje nizishya zaragabanutse kandi ziratemba, kandi akaduruvayo k'urupfu no kuvuka ntikigeze gahagarara.
Gufunga, guhomba cyangwa kuvugurura ibigo kumasoko yisi yose burigihe bizana ibintu byinshi bidashoboka gutekerezwa kumasoko yabaguzi mumodoka muri buri gihe.
Noneho, mu cyiciro gishya cyo guhindura ingufu no guhindura inganda, iyo abami bo mu bihe byashize bakuyemo amakamba yabo ku yindi, kuvugurura no kugabanuka kw'ibigo by'imodoka bikivuka nabyo biragenda bibaho.Ahari "gutoranya bisanzwe, kubaho neza" "Amategeko ya kamere nubundi buryo bwo kubisubiramo ku isoko ryimodoka.
Mu myaka mike ishize, gahunda yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ishingiye ku Bushinwa yemereye amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka gakondo kandi ikuraho benshi mu babitekereza.Ariko ikigaragara, uko inganda nshya zingufu zinjiye murwego rwera-rushyushye, amasomo yamateka aracyatubwira ko abantu batazigera bigira kuburambe bwamateka!
Inyuma yizina rya Bojun, Sailin, Byton, Ranger, Green Packet, nibindi, ikigaragara ni imbuto zikaze zo guhindura inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa.
Kubwamahirwe, kimwe nubwibone nyuma yububabare, urupfu rwamasosiyete yimodoka yabashinwa ntirwashoboye gusa kuba maso munganda zose, ahubwo rwatanze icyitegererezo kubakinnyi benshi kandi benshi mumahanga bakurikiza.
Kwinjira mu 2022, abakora imodoka za PPT nibindi nkibyo bapfiriye mu Bushinwa, kandi ingufu nshya zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri nka Weimar na Tianji zarokotse mbere ziragenda zigira ibibazo.
Ku rundi ruhande, isoko mpuzamahanga irasaba kurenga Lucid na Rivian wa Tesla, FF na Nikola, bazwi ku izina ry'ababeshyi, ndetse n'amasosiyete y'imodoka akivuka aturutse impande zose z'isi.Ugereranije no "kugurisha imodoka", baracyitaye kubyerekanwe Carnival kubyerekeye imari shingiro.
Kimwe n’isoko ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa mu myaka itanu ishize, kuzenguruka amafaranga, kuzitira ubutaka, no kugerageza uburyo bwose bwo “gusiga irangi rinini”, imyitwarire nkiyi isuzugurwa na buri wese ariko ihora ikurura ibitekerezo by’igishoro, irimo kwerekana amashusho y’amafuti muri isoko ryisi yose, cyangwa Ni puzzle ikora imodoka ifite ibyiringiro bike.
Ibintu byose bihujwe n "amafaranga"
Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yo kugerageza isoko no guhatana nigishoro, birakwiye kuvuga ko Ubushinwa bwarangije kugenzura indege yamashanyarazi mashya.
Ubwa mbere, ishingiro rusange rikenewe kugirango isoko ryimodoka ryuzuze impinduka zaryo ryihuta ryashyizweho.Abaguzi bagenda basaba ibyifuzo byabaguzi kuva kera byatumye bidashoboka ko isosiyete iyo ari yo yose yimodoka igenda itunga urutoki ku isoko ifite icyerekezo cyonyine.Hagomba gushyirwaho umubano wa hafi wumvikana hagati yo "kubaka imodoka" no "kugurisha imodoka".Niba inkunga yisoko yatakaye, ingaruka zibabaje ziragaragara.
Icya kabiri, nyuma yuko inyungu za politiki z’amasosiyete gakondo y’imodoka z’Abashinwa zagiye zicika buhoro buhoro, ihungabana ryatewe n’ibitero bikaze byibasiye inganda zose z’ingufu rwose ntiryigeze ribaho.
Ku masosiyete yimodoka avuka adafite amateka nububiko bwa tekinike, muriki cyiciro, ntamahirwe yo guca kubushake busigaye.Imodoka ya Evergrande, yakoze impanuka, ni urugero rwiza.
Kandi ibi birashobora kwerekana buri gihe ko ukurikije isoko ryimodoka yabashinwa, urebye imbaraga nshya zikigaragara kumasoko yisi yose, kwihuta no kwiheba ntabwo arinyuma yibi bigo.
Muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Lucid Motors, yakoraga imbere ya buri wese, ishyigikiwe n'ikigega cy'ishoramari rusange cya Arabiya Sawudite (PIF).Rivian, yigeze gukora imwe muri IPO nini mu mateka y’Amerika, yageze ku bisubizo bimwe na bimwe mu gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, ariko ibintu nyabyo Ariko, kwishyira hamwe kw'isoko ry’imodoka zikuze ntirigira umupaka kurenza uko wabitekerezaga.
Lucid, ushyigikiwe nabatunzi baho muburasirazuba bwo hagati, ntashobora guhindura igiciro cyayo hejuru cyane yinjiza.Rivian yaguye mu mutego wo guhagarika amasoko.Ubufatanye bwo hanze nko gufatanya gukora amashanyarazi…
Naho imbaraga nshya mumahanga nka Canoo na Fisker twavuze rimwe na rimwe, usibye gukoresha moderi nshya kugirango uhaze ubushake bwabareba, byaba byiza kubona OEM cyangwa kubaka uruganda rukora umusaruro mwinshi, ntabwo byigeze bikorwa kugeza ubu.Hano hari urumuri rw'amakuru meza atandukanye n'ayambere.
Ntabwo bisa gusobanura gusobanura uko ibintu bimeze ubu hamwe n "" amababa yinkoko ahantu hose ".Ariko ugereranije nu Bushinwa “Wei Xiaoli”, biragoye rwose kwiyumvisha ijambo ryiza kubisobanura.
Byongeye kandi, Elon Musk yashyize hanze ibitekerezo bye kumugaragaro inshuro zirenze imwe: Lucid na Rivian bombi bafite impengamiro yo guhomba.Keretse niba bagize impinduka zikomeye, bose bazahomba.Reka mbaze, mubyukuri ibigo bifite amahirwe yo guhindukira?
Igisubizo kirashobora gutandukana nukuri.Ntidushobora gukoresha umuvuduko wimpinduka zamasosiyete yimodoka yubushinwa kugirango dusuzume umuvuduko wimpinduka mubikorwa byimodoka kwisi.Izi ngabo nshya z'Abanyamerika zitegereje amahirwe yo kwinjira ku isoko zose zihisha ibicuruzwa byabo byumvikanisha isoko.
Ariko mpisemo kwizera ko kwibeshya byatewe ninganda nshya zingufu birashimishije cyane.Kimwe nisoko ryimodoka yo mubushinwa icyo gihe, kugirango bakoreshe igishoro, nigute abantu benshi bakekeranya bashaka kugerageza gutinya isoko.
Kimwe na mbere na nyuma y’imurikagurisha ryabereye i Los Angeles mu Gushyingo, Fisker, nta makuru yari afite kuva kera, yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko imodoka yambere y’amashanyarazi meza ya SUV, inyanja, yashyizwe mu bikorwa nk'uko byari biteganijwe mu ruganda rwa Magna rutagira aho rubogamiye muri Graz, Otirishiya.
Kuva muri Amerika kugeza kwisi, dushobora kubona ko imbaraga nshya zo gukora imodoka zimaze kumera nkibihumyo nyuma yimvura.
Moderi nshya ya sosiyete yo muri Amerika yatangije Drako Motors-Dragon yasohotse kumugaragaro;nyuma ya ACE na Jax, Alpha Motor Corporation yatangaje ibicuruzwa bishya byamashanyarazi Montage;Yatangiriye mumodoka nyayo kunshuro yambere…
Mu Burayi, uruganda rukora amamodoka yo muri ottcosse Munro rwasohoye ku mugaragaro Munro Mark 1 rwakozwe cyane kandi ruvuga ko ari imodoka nziza y’amashanyarazi itari mu muhanda.Ibihumbi icumi.
Munro Mark 1
Hamwe niki kibazo, uko isi yaba itekereza iki, mfite igitekerezo kimwe gusa ko uyu mwanya umeze nkuwo mwanya, kandi akajagari kari mu Bushinwa mu myaka myinshi ishize karibukwa cyane.
Niba izo mbaraga nshya kwisi yose zananiwe guhindura indangagaciro, noneho "urupfu ni reincarnation" ruzakomeza gushyingura ikibatsi cyo gusebanya muri iki gitaramo gisa n’imodoka nshya.
Gukina urusimbi n'umurwa mukuru, iherezo ririhe?
Nibyo, 2022 numwaka wambere isoko rishya ryimodoka zubushinwa ryinjiye mumajyambere meza kandi afite gahunda.Nyuma yo gutegereza kurenga ku myaka myinshi, inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa zarangije kugenzura no kuyobora icyerekezo rusange cy’inganda.
Amashanyarazi ayobowe nimbaraga nshya yashenye kandi yubaka amategeko asanzwe yinganda zose.Mugihe isoko ryiburengerazuba rikomeje guhangana nubusazi bwa Tesla, amasosiyete akura ayobowe na "Wei Xiaoli" yinjiye muburayi nahandi hantu hamwe.
Abanyamahanga babonye izamuka ry’imbaraga z’Ubushinwa, abanyamahanga bafite impumuro nziza bagomba gukurikiranira hafi.Kandi ibi byatumye habaho ibihe bikomeye byo kuzamuka kwingufu nshya zisi nkuko byasobanuwe mbere.
Kuva muri Amerika kugera mu Burayi, ndetse no ku yandi masoko y’imodoka, bifashishije icyuho aho amasosiyete gakondo y’imodoka yananiwe guhindukira mu gihe gikwiye, amasosiyete y’imodoka akivuka aragenda agaragara mu ruzi rutagira iherezo kugira ngo abone amahirwe y’isoko.
Ariko na none interuro imwe, gahunda zose zifite intego zanduye amaherezo zizasubizwa inyuma nisoko.Kubwibyo, guca imanza no guhanura iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’ingabo nshya z’amahanga ukurikije uko bahagaze ubu ntabwo ari ingingo ifite igisubizo cyumvikana uko byagenda kose.
Ntabwo duhakana ko imbere yinganda zikomeye zinganda, burigihe hariho abashya bafite amahirwe yo gutoneshwa nisoko ryimari.Lucid, Rivian nizindi mbaraga nshya zihora zigaragara munsi yibitekerezo byatsindiye bamwe mubakomeye, aribwo buryo bwambere bwatanzwe niri soko.
Urebye mu mahanga, imbaraga nshya zagiye ahagaragara muri Amerika zavukiye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
"Vietnam Evergrande" nizina ryiyi sosiyete yimodoka yitwa Vinfast.Nuburyo bumenyereye gutangira imitungo itimukanwa no kwishingikiriza muburyo bubi bwo "kugura, kugura, kugura".
Icyakora, ubwo VinFast yatangazaga ku ya 7 Ukuboza ko yashyikirije komisiyo ishinzwe kugurizanya no kugurizanya muri Amerika (SEC) ibyangombwa byo kwiyandikisha muri IPO, ikanateganya gushyira ku rutonde rwa Nasdaq, maze hategurwa kode y’imigabane “VFS”, ninde wavuga ko abifuza kugirango batsinde byihuse Imbaraga nshya zirashobora kubona ejo hazaza heza.
Kuva mu 2022, uburyo igishoro cyitondewe ku nganda nshya z’ingufu kimaze kugaragara uhereye ku kugabanuka kw isoko rya “Wei Xiaoli”.
Mu gihe cyijimye kuva ku ya 23 Nyakanga kugeza ku ya 27 Nyakanga hagati muri uyu mwaka wonyine, agaciro k’isoko rya Weilai kavanyweho agaciro ka miliyari 6.736 z’amadolari y’Amerika, agaciro k’isoko rya Xiaopeng kagenda gahinduka miliyari 6.117 z’amadolari y’Amerika, naho agaciro keza ku isoko kavaho miliyari 4.479 z'amadolari ya Amerika.
Kuva icyo gihe, ikiranga indangamuntu kimaze kugira ubushobozi bwuzuye cyatumye bigora ayo masosiyete yimodoka yishingikiriza cyane kumafaranga kubaho.
Muyandi magambo, kuva urutonde rwayo, ibyo bita miliyari 10 byo kugereranya bizaba flash gusa.Hatariho imikorere ya tekiniki ikomeye hamwe no kugurisha ibicuruzwa birenze, nigute igishoro gishobora kwihangana cyane.Mugihe gito, mubikorwa byiterambere bigenda bikonja buhoro buhoro, usibye guhanagurwa nukuri, ntabwo byoroshye kubona byongeye gushyuha no gutanga inkunga.
Ibi biracyari kuri "Wei Xiaoli", yazengurutse mu birombe bitabarika byo ku isoko.Ni hehe abashya bagerageza gusahura isoko bakura ikizere?
Vinfast nimwe mubyiza, ariko niba yitangiye guhindura inganda zimodoka, cyangwa ishaka gukoresha inyungu yubushyuhe bwisoko ryubu kugirango ibone amafaranga kumasoko shingiro, nigute umuntu wese ufite ijisho ryubushishozi atabibona.
Muri ubwo buryo nyene, igihe isosiyete y’imodoka yo muri Turukiya TOGG yagerageje gutondekanya Ubudage nk’aho bwerekeza mu mahanga bwa mbere mu mahanga, Lightyear, isosiyete itangiza imodoka y’amashanyarazi yaturutse mu Buholandi, ihangayikishijwe no gusohora imodoka y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba Lightyear 0, n’igifaransa gishya imodoka yimodoka Hopium Imodoka ya mbere ya hydrogène ya selile Hopium Machina yasohotse mumurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris.Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi ya Polonye EMP yahisemo gufatanya na Geely kubaka imodoka y’amashanyarazi meza munsi yikirango cya IZERA ikoresheje imiterere nini ya SEA.Ibintu bimwe buri gihe birigaragaza.
Kuri ubu, abantu bafite ibyago nka Lucid batinyuka kwinjira mu Bushinwa bagatangira gushaka abakozi, cyangwa bateganya kwinjira mu Bushinwa ku mugaragaro mu gihe runaka kizaza.Nubwo bafite imbere-bingana gute, ntibazahindura ko Ubushinwa budakeneye amasosiyete mashya menshi y’ingufu, tutibagiwe ko nta mpamvu zikenewe ingabo nshya zo mu mahanga zifata Tesla nkurwanya ariko zidafite ikirango cyo guhatanira.
Imyaka myinshi ishize, isoko ryimodoka yo mubushinwa ryishe ibigo byinshi bisa, kandi umurwa mukuru umaze igihe kinini ubona isura nyayo yabatekamutwe.
Uyu munsi, nyuma yimyaka myinshi, mugihe imbaraga ninshi ninshi mumahanga zikomeje gukurikiza iyi logique yo kubaho, ndizera neza ko "bubble" izaturika vuba.
Vuba, umuntu ukina nigishoro amaherezo azasubizwa inyuma nigishoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2022