Ugushyingo 2022, imodoka nshya 79,935(65,338 ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi meza na 14.597 byacometse mumashanyarazi) byagurishijwe muri Amerika, umwaka-ku-mwaka kwiyongera 31.3%, naho igipimo cy’imodoka nshya zifite ingufu ni 7.14%.Mu 2022, hazagurishwa imodoka nshya 816.154 n’ingufu, n’umwaka wa 2021 uzaba hafi 630.000, bikaba biteganijwe ko uyu mwaka uzaba 900.000.
Ndashaka kumara igihe ndeba ku isoko ry’Amerika, kandi nkareba niba Biden ashobora guteza imbere imodoka nshya z’ingufu muri Amerika nyuma yo gutabwa.
1. Igicapo 1. Iterambere ryimodoka nshya zingufu muri Amerika kuva 2010
Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga rishora miliyari 369 z'amadolari mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi rizibanda ku gushyigikira iterambere ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi, kandi turabona ko iyi politiki nayo yibandaho.
◎Imisoro mishya yimodoka:Tanga inguzanyo yumusoro US $ 7.500 kuri buri kinyabiziga, kandi inkunga ifite agaciro kuva Mutarama 2023 kugeza Ukuboza 2032.Kuraho infashanyo yabanjirije imodoka 200.000 kubakora imodoka.
◎Imodoka yakoreshejwe (munsi y $ 25.000): Inguzanyo y'imisoro ni 30% by'igiciro cyo kugurisha imodoka ishaje, ifite agaciro ka $ 4000, kandi inkunga ifite agaciro kuva Mutarama 2023 kugeza Ukuboza 2032.
◎Inguzanyo y’imisoro ku bikorwa remezo bishya byo kwishyuza ingufu yongerewe kugeza mu 2032, kugeza 30% by’igiciro gishobora gutangwa, kandi umubare ntarengwa w’inguzanyo y’imisoro wazamutse uva ku 30.000 $ ugera ku 100.000.
◎Miliyari imwe yo gusukura ibinyabiziga biremereye nka bisi yishuri, bisi namakamyo yimyanda.
2. Igicapo 2. Intangiriro yo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu ku isoko ry’Amerika
Igice cya 1
Isoko rishya ryingufu zitangwa mumasoko yo muri Amerika
Urebye gutanga ibicuruzwa, isoko ryo muri Amerika ni rito cyane, ku buryo LEAF ya Nissan iri ku isonga.
▲Igishushanyo 3.Gutanga ibicuruzwa ku isoko ryo muri Amerika
●Moteri rusange
Bitewe nibicuruzwa byibutswe, ingano ya Motors rusange muri 2022 izaba ari nto.Ubushobozi buteganijwe gukorwa muri 2025 ni miliyoni 1, bikaba biteganijwe ko buzatanga 600.000.Kubwibyo, muri 2023, ibicuruzwa birimo amashanyarazi meza ya EQUINOX, Blazer EV, nibindi bizashyirwa ahagaragara umwe umwe, bityo intego ya miliyoni 1 muri 2023-2025 igomba kugerwaho, umwaka utaha rero irashobora kujya kuri 200.000, nibisohoka ya Bolt BEV biragaragara ko igiye mumodoka 70.000.
2023 iracyari igihe cyinzibacyuho kuri GM.Hamwe no gutangira umusaruro muruganda rwa batiri rwihuriro, ingano yose iremewe.Kubera ko umushinga w'itegeko ugabanya inguzanyo y'imisoro mo ibice bibiri bingana na USD 3,750 / ibinyabiziga, ibisabwa byateranirijwe hamwe birasabwa kuri bateri zikoreshwa mu binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibice by'ibanze bikoreshwa:
◎Inkunga ya mbere $ 3.750 / inkunga yimodoka:40% by'agaciro k'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya batiri(harimo nikel, manganese, cobalt, lithium, grafite, nibindi)ikurwa cyangwa itunganywa na Amerika cyangwa ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu na Amerika, cyangwa bikoreshwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru(2023), igipimo kiziyongera 10% buri mwaka kuva 2024 kugeza 80% muri 2027.
◎Icya kabiri US $ 3.750 / inkunga yimodoka:birenga 50% by'agaciro kaibice bya batiri(harimo electrode nziza kandi mbi, foil y'umuringa, electrolyte, selile ya batiri, na modules)(2023), 2024-2025 Umubare urenze cyangwa uhwanye na 60%, kandi igipimo kiziyongera 10% buri mwaka guhera 2026, kizagera 100% muri 2029.
Kubwibyo, GM irashobora kugera ku nkunga ya $ 3.750 US $ hano.
▲Igicapo 4.Moteri rusange Ibicuruzwa Portfolio
●Ford
Ford irateganya kugira ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka ku isi ibinyabiziga bigera ku 600.000 mu mpera za 2023 n’imodoka zirenga miliyoni 2 muri 2026.Kubwibyo, ukurikije ibice, igurishwa rya Ford muri Amerika rishobora kurenga 450.000 muri 2023.
◎Mustang Mach-E:Ibice 270.000 ku mwaka(Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi n'Ubushinwa, Amerika irashobora kubarirwa 200.000).
◎F-150 Inkuba:150.000 ku mwaka(Amerika y'Amajyaruguru).
◎E-Transit:Ibice 150.000 kumwaka(Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi, ugereranije ibice 100.000 muri Amerika).
◎SUV nshya:Ibice 30.000(Uburayi).
▲Igicapo 5.Guteganya ubushobozi bwa Ford
Stellantis ubu igabanijwemo ibice bibiri.Igice cyambere Chrysler.Dufatiye kuri ubu, bateri zo muri Amerika ya ruguru ntiziteguye.Irashobora kuba yiganjemo imashini icomeka muri 2023, ishobora gushimangira cyane amashanyarazi muri Amerika.Ingano ya Hybrid yamashanyarazi muri 2023.
◎Dodge yasohoye imashini yambere ya plug-in ya HORNET, yubatswe kuri Alfa Romeo Tonale isanganywe, kuriyi nshuro yatangije HORNET R / T icomeka muri Hybrid.
◎Jeep yasohoye icyitegererezo cyambere cyamashanyarazi Avenger, guhera kumashanyarazi mato mato meza ya SUV(ibi ntibigurishwa muri Amerika), moderi yambere yamashanyarazi yatangijwe muri Amerika ya ruguru izaba SUV nini yitwa Recon(2024 yatangiye gukora Recon muri Amerika).
▲Igicapo 6.Stellantis ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu portfolio
Ibicuruzwa byUbuyapani na Koreya yepfo byose birimo inkunga yo guterana muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Igice cya 2
Inzitizi zifatika ku nkunga
Kuva muri AmerikaInkunga ibanza gushiraho ibisabwa, bigomba kuba byujujwe icyarimwe kugirango bemererwe gutangazwa:
◎Imodoka nshya zigomba gukusanyirizwa muri Amerika ya ruguru.
◎Kuva mu 2025, amabuye y'agaciro ya bateri ntashobora gukurwa, gutunganywa cyangwa gutunganywa n’ibigo by’amahanga bireba biri mu itegeko rigenga ishoramari n’ibikorwa remezo;guhera mu 2024, ibice bya batiri ntibishobora gukorwa cyangwa guteranyirizwa hamwe n’ibihugu by’amahanga bireba.
◎Ibiciro by'ibinyabiziga bisabwa:bigarukira gusa ku makamyo y’amashanyarazi, amamodoka na SUV bigurwa amafaranga atarenga 80.000, na sedan igurwa amafaranga atarenga 55.000.
◎Ibisabwa byinjira kubaguzi b'imodoka:amafaranga yinjiza ku giti cye ni US $ 150.000, umutware wurugo ni 225.000 US $, naho filer ihuriweho ni 300.000 US $.
Kubafite Tesla muri Californiya, Amerika, iki kibazo ntigishobora kubahirizwa.Ingaruka muri rusange iki gihe nukureba kuri moteri eshatu zikomeye zo muri Amerika, Ford na Stellantis(Chrysler).Kubwibyo, umwaka utaha kwiyongera bizabaho Muri Tesla hazabaho ibibazo, kandi aya masosiyete atatu azabona ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibinyabiziga.Kubwibyo, ikibazo kiriho mumasoko yo muri Amerika cyagumye mubushobozi bwo gukora bateri.Bitandukanye n'Uburayi, bwatangiye gushishikariza iterambere ry'imodoka, ubushobozi bwa batiri bwaho bukiri inyuma.Kuriyi nshuro, Amerika yafashe amasosiyete yimodoka irabemerera guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gukora bateri.buryo.
Bikekwa ko umubare wimodoka zose zamashanyarazi mumwaka wa 2023 zishobora kuba zitari hejuru ya miliyoni 1.8 ziteganijwe, bitewe ahanini nubushobozi bwa bateri idashobora gukomeza.Kubwibyo, muri 2023-2025, igurishwa ryimodoka yose yamashanyarazi irashobora kugereranywa hashingiwe ku kongera ubushobozi bwa batiri muri Amerika ya ruguru.Iyi ni ingingo yingenzi yo kwitegereza.
▲Igicapo 7.Batare muri Amerika yabaye ikibazo nyamukuru
Incamake: Kugeza ubu, isoko ry’imodoka nshya y’ingufu mu Bushinwa mu byukuri mu myaka myinshi ishize.Bitewe nubunini bunini, turimo guhinduka mubucuruzi, kandi dukeneye rwose gusohoka muriki gikorwa.Ariko iyo tujya kuri aya masoko, tumaze imyaka itari mike inyuma yacu kandi tukinjira mugihe cyubushakashatsi hamwe namafaranga ya leta, ntituzabura guhangana cyane.Ninimpamvu imwe nkigihe twakoresheje amafaranga mumyaka mike ishize, ntitwifuzaga ko imodoka zamahanga na bateri zamahanga zibona inkunga.Mubihe bitandukanye injyana, uburyo bwo gukora busaba ubwenge!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-03-2023