Mahle, isosiyete ikora ibinyabiziga by’imodoka mu Budage, yateje imbere moteri y’amashanyarazi ikora cyane kuri EV, kandi ntibiteganijwe ko hazabaho igitutu ku itangwa n’ibisabwa ku isi idasanzwe.
Bitandukanye na moteri yaka imbere, imiterere yibanze nihame ryakazi rya moteri yamashanyarazi biratangaje byoroshye.Ndibwira ko abantu benshi bakinnye na "bine yimodoka" bakiri bato.Harimo moteri y'amashanyarazi.
Ihame ryakazi rya moteri nuko umurima wa magneti ukora ku mbaraga zumuyaga kugirango moteri izunguruka.Moteri ni igikoresho gihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za mashini.Ikoresha igiceri gifite ingufu kugirango kibyare imbaraga za rukuruzi kandi ikora kuri rotor kugirango ikore imbaraga za magnetoelectric power rotation torque.Moteri iroroshye gukoresha, yizewe mubikorwa, igiciro gito kandi gihamye mumiterere.
Ibintu byinshi mubuzima bwacu bishobora kuzunguruka, nko kumisha umusatsi, gusukura vacuum, nibindi, bifite moteri.
Moteri mu kinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi meza ni nini kandi iragoye, ariko ihame shingiro ni rimwe.
Ibikoresho bikenewe mu kohereza ingufu muri moteri, kandi ibikoresho bitwara amashanyarazi muri bateri ni coil y'umuringa imbere ya moteri.Ibikoresho bigize magnetique ni magneti.Ibi kandi nibikoresho bibiri byibanze bigize moteri.
Mubihe byashize, magnesi yakoreshwaga muri moteri yamashanyarazi ahanini yari magnesi zihoraho zikozwe mubyuma, ariko ikibazo nuko imbaraga zumurima wa magneti ari nke.Niba rero ugabanije moteri kugeza mubunini icomeka muri terefone uyumunsi, ntuzabona imbaraga za rukuruzi ukeneye.
Ariko, mu myaka ya za 1980, hagaragaye ubwoko bushya bwa rukuruzi ihoraho, bwitwa "neodymium magnet".Imashini ya Neodymium irikubye kabiri inshuro ebyiri.Nkigisubizo, ikoreshwa muri terefone na na terefone ntoya kandi ikomeye kurusha terefone.Byongeye kandi, ntabwo bigoye kubona "magnesi neodymium" mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.Noneho, abavuga bamwe, abateka induction, na terefone zigendanwa mubuzima bwacu zirimo "magnesi neodymium".
Impamvu EV zitangira vuba cyane uyumunsi biterwa na "neodymium magnets" zishobora kuzamura cyane ubunini cyangwa umusaruro wa moteri.Ariko, nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, havutse ikibazo gishya kubera gukoresha isi idasanzwe muri magneti ya neodymium.Ibyinshi mubutaka budasanzwe buri mubushinwa.Dukurikije imibare, hafi 97% by'ibikoresho fatizo bidasanzwe ku isi bitangwa n'Ubushinwa.Kugeza ubu, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byabujijwe rwose.
Nyuma yo gukora magnesi ya neodymium, abahanga bagerageje kunanirwa gukora magnesi ntoya, ikomeye, ndetse ihendutse.Kubera ko Ubushinwa bugenzura itangwa ry’ibyuma bidasanzwe ndetse n’ubutaka budasanzwe, abasesenguzi bamwe bemeza ko igiciro cy’imodoka z’amashanyarazi kitazagabanuka nkuko byari byitezwe.
Vuba aha, ariko, ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka mu Budage hamwe n’isosiyete iteza imbere ibice “Mahle” ryateje imbere ubwoko bushya bwa moteri butarimo ibintu bidasanzwe by’isi na gato.Moteri yateye imbere ntabwo irimo magnesi na gato.
Ubu buryo kuri moteri buzwi nka "moteri ya induction" kandi ikora umurima wa magneti unyura mumashanyarazi unyuze kuri stator aho kuba magnesi zishobora kunyuramo.Muri iki gihe, iyo rotor yibasiwe numurima wa magneti, bizatera ingufu za electromotive imbaraga, kandi byombi bikorana kugirango bibyare imbaraga zo kuzunguruka.
Muri make, niba umurima wa magneti ubyara burundu mugupfunyika moteri hamwe na magnesi zihoraho, noneho uburyo nugusimbuza magnesi zihoraho hamwe na electronique.Ubu buryo bufite ibyiza byinshi, ihame ryimikorere riroroshye, kandi riramba cyane.Icy'ingenzi cyane, habaho kugabanuka gake mubikorwa byubushyuhe, kandi kimwe mubibi bya magneti ya neodymium nuko imikorere yabo igabanuka mugihe ubushyuhe bwinshi butanzwe.
Ariko kandi ifite ibibi, kubera ko ikigezweho gikomeza kugenda hagati ya stator na rotor, ubushyuhe burakomeye cyane.Birumvikana, birashoboka gukoresha neza ubushyuhe butangwa no gusarura no kuyikoresha nk'imodoka imbere.Hejuru yibyo, hari ibibi byinshi.Ariko MAHLE yatangaje ko yateje imbere moteri idafite magnetique yuzuye amakosa ya moteri yinjira.
MAHLE ifite ibyiza bibiri byingenzi muri moteri yayo nshya yateye imbere.Imwe ntishobora guterwa nihungabana ryubutaka budasanzwe nibisabwa.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibyinshi mu byuma bidasanzwe byisi bikoreshwa muri magnesi zihoraho bitangwa nu Bushinwa, ariko moteri itari magneti ntabwo ihindurwa nigitutu cyogutanga isi idasanzwe.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi bidakoreshwa, birashobora gutangwa kubiciro biri hasi.
Ikindi nuko yerekana imikorere myiza cyane, hamwe na moteri ikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi afite imikorere ya 70-95%.Muyandi magambo, niba utanze 100% yingufu, urashobora gutanga byibuze 95% byibisohoka.Nyamara, muriki gikorwa, bitewe nigihombo nko gutakaza ibyuma, gutakaza umusaruro byanze bikunze.
Nyamara, bivugwa ko Mahler arenga 95% akora neza muribenshi kandi agera kuri 96% mubihe bimwe.Mugihe imibare nyayo itaratangazwa, tegereza kwiyongera gake kurwego ugereranije nurugero rwabanje.
Hanyuma, MAHLE yasobanuye ko moteri yateye imbere idafite magnetiki idashobora gukoreshwa gusa mumodoka zisanzwe zitwara abagenzi, ariko kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mumodoka yubucuruzi binyuze muri amplification.MAHLE yavuze ko yatangiye ubushakashatsi ku musaruro rusange, kandi yizera adashidikanya ko iterambere rya moteri nshya nirangira, azashobora gutanga moteri ihamye, igiciro gito ndetse na moteri ikora neza.
Niba iryo koranabuhanga ryarangiye, birashoboka ko MAHLE yateye imbere ya tekinoroji ya moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora guhinduka intangiriro nshya yubuhanga bwiza bwimodoka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-04-2023