Vuba aha, Ikidageitangazamakuru ryatangaje ko ryatewe n’ikibazo cy’ingufu,Ubusuwisi bushobora kubuza gukoresha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi usibye “ingendo zikenewe rwose”.Nukuvuga ko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizabuzwa kugenda, kandi "ntukajye mumuhanda keretse bibaye ngombwa", nta gushidikanya ko ari ikintu gikomeye ku isoko ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu Busuwisi, kandi Ubusuwisi nabwo buzaba igihugu cya mbere ku isi kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imodoka z'amashanyarazi.
Igihugu cyateye imbere ntigishobora no kugura amashanyarazi?Imbere yikibazo cyingufu, ibintu byubumaji ntabwo biteye ubwoba.Mbere, ishami ry’amashanyarazi mu Busuwisi ryatanze integuza ivuga ko iki gihugu gishobora kubona amashanyarazi adahagije mu gihe cy'itumba.Kugira ngo imbeho ibeho neza, Ubusuwisi bwasohoye umushinga w'itegeko ryerekeye “kubuza no kubuza gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi”Mu mpera z'Ugushyingo, ikubiyemo amabwiriza ajyanye no gutwara abantu.
Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, Ubusuwisi si cyo gihugu cyonyine gitekereza kubuza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi.Ubudage, nabwo buri mu kaga k’ingufu z’ingufu, burashoborashiraho imipaka ku kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Mugihe gikomeye mugihe amasosiyete yimodoka yi Burayi ashyira mubikorwa guhindura amashanyarazi, ibikorwa byu Busuwisi n’Ubudage ni inkuru mbi ku isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Tegeka ”nayo ni intambwe idafite kirengera.Intego ebyiri za karubone hamwe n’ikibazo cy’ingufu n’inzitizi zikomeye zibangamira iterambere ry’inganda z’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’i Burayi.
01
Imbaraga zidahagije zo gushinja ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi?
Nyuma yo gutangaza umushinga w "kubuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi" mu Busuwisi ,.Ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka mu Busuwisiyagaragaje neza ko arwanya:nyuma yo gutangaza ingingo zijyanye na gahunda bijyanye mu Kuboza, bazatora amajwi yose abuza gutwara ibinyabiziga amashanyarazi.
Amashanyarazi akenerwa n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Busuwisi azaba 0.4 ku ijana gusa by’ibisabwa byose muri 2021 ,.imibare irerekana.Iri gereranya ryerekana ko kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu Busuwisi bidahagije kugira ngo bigabanye ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi.Imiterere y’ingufu z’Ubusuwisi ziteganijwe kugera ku rwego rwo hasi rwo kwihaza mu gihe igihugu gishaka kwikuramo ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi.
Ubusuwisi ntibufite ingufu z’ibinyabuzima kandi bushingira cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko bifite inyungu zidasanzwe mu mutungo w’amashanyarazi.Hafi 60% by'amashanyarazi yo murugo ava mumashanyarazi, hakurikiraho ingufu za kirimbuzi, hanyuma ingufu z'izuba, ingufu z'umuyaga, n'ingufu za biomass.Nyamara, amashanyarazi yose aracyari munsi yicyifuzo, bityo rero igomba gushingira kubushobozi burenze Ubufaransa n'Ubudage kugirango ikemure icyuho cyubushobozi buke bwimbere mu gihugu.
Ariko hamwe n’umusaruro w’ingufu za kirimbuzi nyinshi z’Abafaransa ukamanuka kugera ku ntera yo hasi cyane mu myaka hafi 30, ihungabana ry’umuyaga n’izuba ry’Ubudage n’ibibazo by’itangwa ry’amashanyarazi nyuma yo gutakaza gaze y’Uburusiya bivuze ko Ubusuwisi buzashobora kwinjiza amashanyarazi make muri uyu mwaka. .Kuri iki kibazo, Ubusuwisi bugomba gufata ingamba ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Nk’uko imibare ya 2019 ibigaragaza, umurenge ufite imyuka myinshi ya karuboni mu Busuwisi n’urwego rwo gutwara abantu, rufite hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ingufu zikoreshwa, zikurikirwa n’ubwubatsi n’inganda.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, Ubusuwisi bwateganije ko "imodoka zitwara abagenzi zanditswe vuba zidashobora kurenza igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byangiza imyuka ya gaze karuboni", no muri "Ingamba z’ingufu 2050 ″, iterambere ry’" kugabanya ibicuruzwa no kuzamura imikorere "mu bice birimo ubwikorezi, ndetse na The Hashyizweho kandi ihuriro ry’ingufu zo kubungabunga ingufu mu rwego rwo gushishikariza amazu n’ubucuruzi kwanga gushyushya, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi ashyushye, kuzimya ibikoresho n’amatara, guteka no guteka neza-neza…
Dufatiye kuri iyi ngingo, ntabwo bitangaje kuba Abasuwisi, bakoresha ingufu cyane, bazagabanya ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
02
Ese uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nu Burayi n’amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu mahanga akora neza?
Mu myaka yashize, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’i Burayi byakomeje kwaguka.Mu 2021, igurishwa ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu Burayi bizagera kuri miliyoni 1.22, byiyongereyeho 63% ugereranije na 746.000 muri 2020, bingana na 29% by’ibicuruzwa byose by’amashanyarazi ku isi hose, na kabiri mu bunini ku isi nyuma y'Ubushinwa.Isoko rya kabiri rinini ryamashanyarazi.
Ahagana mu 2021, amasosiyete akomeye y’imodoka ku isi yateye intambwe ikomeye mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Hamwe n’igitutu cy’intego ebyiri za karubone, ibihugu by’Uburayi byahagurukije ishyaka rishya ry’ingufu, kandi Ubushinwa bwabaye ibinyabiziga bibiri by’amashanyarazi bishyushye ku isi.rimwe mu masoko.Amasosiyete yimodoka yabashinwa yagiye mumahanga muburayi, kandi amasosiyete yimodoka yuburayi nayo agurisha imodoka zamashanyarazi mubushinwa, birashimishije cyane.
Ariko, nyuma yo kwinjira mu 2022, yibasiwe nimpamvu zikomeye nkumubano wakarere, ibura rya chip, hamwe n’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’i Burayi ryatangiye kugabanuka.Ntabwo ari amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo isoko ryimodoka yose ryatangiye kugabanuka.Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, kugurisha imodoka mu Burayi byageze kuri miliyoni 5.6, bikamanuka hafi 14% umwaka ushize.Kwiyandikisha kwimodoka nshya mumasoko akomeye yimodoka nku Bwongereza, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, n’Ubufaransa byose byagabanutse hejuru ya 10%.
Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwimodoka zitwara abagenzi bushya bwagiye buhoro buhoro.Dukurikije amakuru yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga by’iburayi (ACEA),igurishwa ryimodoka nshya zingufu muri Q1-Q3 muri EU zari 986.000, 975.000, na 936.000, kandi muri rusange ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe byakomeje kugabanuka.
Ibinyuranye, isoko ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa riracyiyongera.Mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, kugurisha imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Bushinwa byageze kuri miliyoni 4.567, umwaka-ku-mwaka kwiyongera 110%, hasigara ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika mu mukungugu.
Iterambere rikomeye ry’imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nabyo byateye imbere cyane.Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, igihugu cyanjye gishya cy’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022 kizaba 389.000, bikubye kabiri umwaka ushize.Kandi ibice birenga 90% byoherezwa mumodoka nshya yingufu ni Uburayi nibindi bihugu bya Aziya.
Mbere,SAIC MG (MG)yagiye cyane mu gihugu cy’Uburayi, nyuma imbaraga nshya nkaXiaopeng naNIOyinjiye mu isoko rya Noruveje,nibindi byinshiibirango byimbere mu gihugu bikora muburayi.Ariko rero, ukurikije ibikorwa by’ibihugu by’Uburayi biriho ku binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, ingendo zo mu gihugu mu Burayi ntizizagira ingaruka cyane.Iyo ikibazo cy’ingufu z’i Burayi gikemutse kandi guhindura imiterere y’ingufu bikarushaho gushyira mu gaciro, Uburayi buzakira gusa amasosiyete y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Ikirenze ibyo, amasosiyete y'imodoka nka Xiaopeng na Weilai kuri ubu ari mu rwego rwo gushakisha ubucuruzi mu Burayi, kandi akaba ataratangira neza, bityo ingaruka zishobora kuvugwa ko ari nto.Nka nkomoko nyamukuru yigihe kizaza, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, byaba isosiyete yimodoka yuburayi cyangwa isosiyete yubushinwa mumahanga, birashobora kugira icyo bihindura kumasoko ya kabiri manini ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2022