Birazwi neza ko mubwubatsi bwingufu nshya zamashanyarazi meza, umugenzuzi wibinyabiziga VCU, umugenzuzi wa moteri MCU na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri BMS nikoranabuhanga ryingenzi cyane, rifite uruhare runini ku mbaraga, ubukungu, kwiringirwa n’umutekano wa imodoka.Ingaruka zingenzi, haracyari imbogamizi za tekinike muri sisitemu eshatu zingenzi za moteri ya moteri, igenzura rya elegitoronike na batiri, bivugwa mu ngingo nyinshi.Gusa ikintu kitavuzwe ni sisitemu yohereza imashini yikora, nkaho itabaho, hariho garebox gusa, kandi ntishobora gutera akaduruvayo.
Mu nama ngarukamwaka y’ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Gear ry’umuryango w’Abashinwa bashinzwe inganda z’imodoka, insanganyamatsiko yo kohereza mu buryo bwikora ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi yateje ishyaka ryinshi mu bitabiriye amahugurwa.Mubyigisho, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera ntibikeneye koherezwa, gusa kugabanya bifite igipimo gihamye.Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi kandi benshi bamenya ko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikenera kohereza byikora.kubera iki?Impamvu abakora ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi murugo bakora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi badakoresheje imiyoboro yabyo ni ukubera ko abantu babanje kumva nabi ko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bidakenera imiyoboro.Noneho, ntabwo bisaba ikiguzi;inganda zo gutwara ibinyabiziga byimbere mu gihugu ziracyari kurwego rwo hasi, kandi ntanuburyo bukwiye bwo guhitamo guhitamo.Kubwibyo, "Imiterere ya tekiniki yimodoka zitwara abagenzi zitanduye" ntiteganya ikoreshwa ryogukwirakwiza mu buryo bwikora, ntanagena imipaka yo gukoresha ingufu.Kugabanya igipimo cyagenwe gifite ibikoresho bimwe gusa, kuburyo moteri ikunze kuba mukarere gake cyane, ntigatakaza gusa ingufu za bateri zagaciro, ahubwo inongera ibisabwa kuri moteri ikurura kandi igabanya umuvuduko wikinyabiziga.Niba ifite ibyuma byikora, umuvuduko wa moteri urashobora guhindura umuvuduko wakazi wa moteri, kuzamura cyane imikorere, kuzigama ingufu zamashanyarazi, kongera umuvuduko wo gutwara, no kongera ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka mubikoresho byihuta.
Porofeseri Xu Xiangyang, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishuri ry’ubumenyi bw’ubwikorezi n’ubwubatsi muri kaminuza ya Beihang, mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru yagize ati: “Ikwirakwizwa ryihuta ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi rifite amahirwe menshi ku isoko.”Moteri yamashanyarazi yimodoka zitwara abagenzi zifite amashanyarazi nini nini yihuta.Muri iki gihe, moteri Imikorere yikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kiri hasi cyane, bityo imodoka yamashanyarazi ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi mugihe itangiye, yihuta kandi izamuka ahantu hahanamye kumuvuduko muke.Ibi bisaba gukoresha garebox kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwa moteri, kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, kongera ingendo, no kuzamura ibinyabiziga.Niba bidakenewe kunoza imikorere yingufu, imbaraga za moteri zirashobora kugabanuka kugirango turusheho kuzigama ingufu, kunoza ingendo, no koroshya uburyo bwo gukonjesha moteri kugirango igabanye ibiciro.Ariko, mugihe ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi gitangiye kumuvuduko muke cyangwa kikazamuka ahantu hahanamye, umushoferi ntazumva ko ingufu zidahagije kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ni nyinshi cyane, bityo imodoka yamashanyarazi ikenera ubwikorezi bwikora.
Umunyarubuga wa Sina, Wang Huaping 99 yavuze ko abantu bose bazi ko kwagura ibinyabiziga ari urufunguzo rwo kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi.Niba ikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi gifite ibikoresho byohereza, intera yo gutwara irashobora kongerwa byibuze 30% hamwe nubushobozi bwa bateri imwe.Iyi ngingo yemejwe numwanditsi mugihe yavuganaga nabakora ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi.Qin ya BYD ifite ibikoresho bibiri-byikora byikora byigenga byakozwe na BYD, bitezimbere cyane imikorere yo gutwara.Birahagaze gutekereza ko ari byiza gushyira imiyoboro mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ariko ntamushinga wabishiraho?Ingingo ntabwo ifite ihererekanyabubasha.
Niba urebye gusa imikorere yihuta yimodoka zamashanyarazi, moteri imwe irahagije.Niba ufite ibikoresho byo hasi hamwe nipine nziza, urashobora kugera kwihuta cyane mugitangira.Kubwibyo, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko niba imodoka yamashanyarazi ifite garebox yihuta 3, imikorere nayo izanozwa cyane.Bavuga ko Tesla yanatekereje kuri garebox.Ariko, kongeramo gearbox ntabwo byongera ikiguzi gusa, ahubwo bizana igihombo cyinyongera.Ndetse na garebox nziza ya kabili irashobora kugera gusa kuri 90% yohereza, kandi ikongera uburemere, butazagabanya ingufu gusa, izongera no gukoresha lisansi.Birasa nkaho bidakenewe kongeramo gearbox kumikorere ikabije abantu benshi batitayeho.Imiterere yimodoka ni moteri ihujwe murukurikirane hamwe nogukwirakwiza.Imodoka yamashanyarazi irashobora gukurikiza iki gitekerezo?Kugeza ubu, nta rubanza rwatsinze rwigeze rugaragara.Kubishyira mumashanyarazi asanzwe yoherejwe ni binini cyane, biremereye kandi bihenze, kandi inyungu iruta igihombo.Niba ntanumwe ubikwiye, gusa kugabanya ufite umuvuduko uhamye ushobora gukoreshwa kubirwanya.
Kubijyanye no gukoresha ibintu byinshi byihuta kugirango ibikorwa byihute, iki gitekerezo ntabwo cyoroshye kubimenya, kuko igihe cyo guhinduranya garebox kizagira ingaruka kumikorere yihuta, kandi imbaraga zizagabanuka cyane mugihe cyo guhinduranya, bikavamo a ihinduka rikomeye, ryangiza ikinyabiziga cyose.Ubworoherane no guhumuriza igikoresho bizagira ingaruka mbi.Urebye uko imodoka zo murugo zimeze, birazwi ko bigoye gukora garebox yujuje ibyangombwa kuruta moteri yo gutwika imbere.Nibisanzwe muri rusange koroshya imiterere yimashini yimodoka yamashanyarazi.Niba garebox yaraciwe, hagomba kubaho ingingo zihagije zo kuyongera inyuma.
Turashobora kubikora dukurikije ibitekerezo bya tekiniki bigezweho bya terefone zigendanwa?Ibyuma bya terefone zigendanwa biratera imbere mu cyerekezo cyinshi-kinini kandi kinini.Mugihe kimwe, guhuza bitandukanye byahamagariwe rwose gukangurira imirongo itandukanye ya buri kintu kugirango igenzure ikoreshwa ryingufu, kandi ntabwo arikintu kimwe gusa cyimikorere ikora inzira yose.
Ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ntitugomba gutandukanya moteri nuwagabanya, ahubwo tugomba guhuza moteri, kugabanya no kugenzura moteri hamwe, ikindi kimwe, cyangwa amaseti menshi, afite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zikora..Uburemere nigiciro ntabwo bihenze cyane?
Gisesengura, kurugero, BYD E6, ingufu za moteri ni 90KW.Niba igabanijwemo moteri ebyiri 50KW hanyuma igahuzwa muri moteri imwe, uburemere bwa moteri burasa.Moteri ebyiri zahujwe no kugabanya, kandi uburemere buziyongera gato.Usibye, nubwo umugenzuzi wa moteri afite moteri nyinshi, igenzurwa ni bike cyane.
Muri iki gitekerezo, havumbuwe igitekerezo, gitera urusaku ku kugabanya umubumbe w’umubumbe, guhuza moteri n’ibikoresho by’izuba, no kwimura ibyuma byo hanze kugira ngo bihuze indi moteri B.Kubireba imiterere, moteri ebyiri zirashobora kuboneka ukwe.Ikigereranyo cyihuta, hanyuma ukoreshe umugenzuzi wa moteri guhamagara moteri ebyiri, harikintu cyerekana ko moteri ifite imikorere ya feri mugihe itazunguruka.Mubyigisho byibikoresho byimibumbe, moteri ebyiri zashyizwe kumurongo umwe, kandi zifite umuvuduko utandukanye.Moteri A yatoranijwe hamwe nigipimo kinini cyihuta, torque nini kandi yihuta.Umuvuduko wa moteri B irihuta kuruta umuvuduko muto.Urashobora guhitamo moteri uko ubishaka.Umuvuduko wa moteri ebyiri ziratandukanye kandi ntaho zihuriye.Umuvuduko wa moteri zombi urengerwa icyarimwe, kandi itara ni impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyibisohoka bya moteri ebyiri.
Muri iri hame, irashobora kwagurwa kuri moteri zirenga eshatu, kandi umubare urashobora gushyirwaho nkuko bikenewe, kandi niba moteri imwe ihinduwe (moteri ya AC induction ntabwo ikoreshwa), umuvuduko wo gusohoka urarenze, kandi kumuvuduko muto, igomba kwiyongera.Gukomatanya torque birakwiriye cyane cyane kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ya SUV nimodoka ya siporo.
Ikoreshwa ryihuta ryihuta ryihuta, banza usesengure moteri ebyiri, BYD E6, ingufu za moteri ni 90KW, niba igabanijwemo moteri ebyiri 50 KW hanyuma igahuzwa na moteri imwe, moteri irashobora gukora 60 K m / H, moteri B irashobora gukora 90 K m / H, moteri ebyiri zishobora gukora 150 K m / H icyarimwe.①Niba umutwaro uremereye, koresha moteri kugirango wihute, kandi iyo igeze kuri 40 K m / H, ongeramo moteri B kugirango wongere umuvuduko.Iyi miterere ifite ibiranga ko kuri, kuzimya, guhagarara no kuzunguruka umuvuduko wa moteri zombi bitazabigiramo uruhare cyangwa kubuzwa.Iyo moteri ifite umuvuduko runaka ariko idahagije, moteri B irashobora kongerwaho umuvuduko wiyongera umwanya uwariwo wose.MoteriB irashobora gukoreshwa kumuvuduko wo hagati mugihe nta mutwaro.Moteri imwe yonyine irashobora gukoreshwa kumuvuduko wo hagati no hasi kugirango ihuze ibikenewe, kandi moteri ebyiri gusa nizo zikoreshwa icyarimwe kubintu byihuta kandi biremereye cyane, bigabanya gukoresha ingufu kandi byongera ingendo.
Mugushushanya ibinyabiziga byose, gushiraho voltage nigice cyingenzi.Imbaraga za moteri itwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nini cyane, kandi voltage iri hejuru ya volt 300.Igiciro ni kinini, kuko uko urwego rwo hejuru rwihanganira voltage yibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nigiciro cyinshi.Kubwibyo, niba umuvuduko ukenewe utari mwinshi, hitamo imwe ya voltage imwe.Imodoka yihuta ikoresha imwe ya voltage nto.Imodoka yihuta irashobora kugenda kumuvuduko mwinshi?Igisubizo ni yego, niyo yaba imodoka yihuta, mugihe cyose moteri nyinshi zikoreshwa hamwe, umuvuduko urenze urugero uzaba mwinshi.Mu bihe biri imbere, nta tandukanyirizo riri hagati y’ibinyabiziga byihuta kandi bito, gusa ibinyabiziga byo hejuru na bike bya voltage n’iboneza.
Muri ubwo buryo, hub irashobora kandi kuba ifite moteri ebyiri, kandi imikorere ni imwe nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ariko hitabwa cyane kubishushanyo mbonera.Kubijyanye no kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, mugihe cyose hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe bwo guhitamo hamwe nuburyo busangiwe, ubunini bwa moteri bwakozwe hakurikijwe ibikenewe, kandi burakwiriye kumodoka nto, ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi, amagare yamashanyarazi, moto yamashanyarazi, nibindi. ., cyane cyane ku makamyo y'amashanyarazi.Hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yumutwaro uremereye nuburemere bworoshye.Hano hari ibyuma byikora.
Gukoresha moteri zirenga eshatu nabyo biroroshye cyane gukora, kandi gukwirakwiza ingufu bigomba kuba bikwiye.Ariko, umugenzuzi arashobora kuba bigoye.Iyo igenzura rimwe ryatoranijwe, rikoreshwa ukundi.Uburyo busanzwe bushobora kuba AB, AC, BC, ABC ibintu bine, byose hamwe birindwi, bishobora kumvikana nkumuvuduko urindwi, kandi igipimo cyihuta cya buri kintu kiratandukanye.Ikintu cyingenzi mukoresha ni umugenzuzi.Umugenzuzi aroroshye kandi afite ikibazo cyo gutwara.Irakeneye kandi gufatanya nubugenzuzi bwimodoka VCU hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri BMS mugenzuzi kugirango bahuze kandi bagenzure mubwenge, byoroshye kubashoferi kugenzura.
Ku bijyanye no kugarura ingufu, mu bihe byashize, niba umuvuduko wa moteri ya moteri imwe wari mwinshi cyane, moteri ihoraho ya magnet synchronous moteri yari ifite ingufu za voltage 900 kuri 2300 rpm.Niba umuvuduko wari mwinshi, umugenzuzi yangiritse cyane.Iyi miterere nayo ifite ikintu cyihariye.Ingufu zirashobora gukwirakwizwa kuri moteri ebyiri, kandi umuvuduko wazo ntuzaba mwinshi.Ku muvuduko mwinshi, moteri zombi zitanga amashanyarazi icyarimwe, ku muvuduko wo hagati, moteri B itanga amashanyarazi, kandi ku muvuduko muke, Moteri itanga amashanyarazi, kugirango isubirane byinshi bishoboka.Gufata ingufu, imiterere iroroshye cyane, igipimo cyo kugarura ingufu kirashobora kunozwa cyane, uko bishoboka kwose mukarere keza cyane, mugihe ibyangiritse biri mukarere gaciriritse, uburyo bwo kubona ingufu zingirakamaro cyane mubitekerezo nkibi imbogamizi za sisitemu, mugihe zemeza feri Umutekano nubworoherane bwinzibacyuho ni ingingo zerekana ingamba zo kugenzura ibitekerezo.Biterwa numuhanga wubwenge wateye imbere kugirango ayikoreshe neza.
Kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa moteri nyinshi nini cyane kuruta iyo moteri imwe.Moteri imwe nini mubunini, ariko ingano ya moteri nyinshi iratatanye, ubuso bunini ni bunini, kandi ubushyuhe bwihuta.By'umwihariko, kugabanya ubushyuhe no kuzigama ingufu nibyiza.
Niba ikoreshwa, mugihe habaye ikibazo cya moteri, moteri idafite amakosa irashobora gutwara imodoka aho igana.Mubyukuri, haracyari inyungu zitaravumburwa.Nibyo ubwiza bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Dufatiye kuri iyi ngingo, umugenzuzi wibinyabiziga VCU, umugenzuzi wa moteri MCU na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri BMS nayo igomba kunozwa uko bikwiye, ntabwo rero ari inzozi ko imodoka yamashanyarazi irenga kumurongo!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2022