Moteri, ubusanzwe yitwa moteri yamashanyarazi, izwi kandi nka moteri, iramenyerewe cyane munganda zigezweho nubuzima, kandi nibikoresho byingenzi muguhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za mashini.Moteri zashyizwe mumodoka, gariyamoshi yihuta, indege, turbine yumuyaga, robot, inzugi zikoresha, pompe zamazi, disiki zikomeye ndetse na terefone ngendanwa dusanzwe.

Abantu benshi bashya kuri moteri cyangwa bamaze kumenya ubumenyi bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bashobora kumva ko ubumenyi bwa moteri bugoye kubyumva, ndetse bakanabona amasomo ajyanye, kandi bitwa "abica inguzanyo".Kugabana gukurikira gukurikira birashobora kureka abashya kumva vuba ihame rya moteri ya AC idafite imbaraga.

Ihame rya moteri: Ihame rya moteri riroroshye cyane.Muri make, ni igikoresho gikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugirango kibyare ingufu za rukuruzi zizunguruka kuri coil kandi zisunika rotor kuzunguruka.Umuntu wese wize amategeko ya induction ya electromagnetic azi ko igiceri gifite ingufu kizahatirwa kuzunguruka mumashanyarazi.Iri ni ihame shingiro rya moteri.Ubu ni ubumenyi bwa fiziki yisumbuye yisumbuye.

Imiterere ya moteri: Umuntu wese wasenye moteri azi ko moteri igizwe ahanini nibice bibiri, igice cya stator gihamye hamwe na rotor igice kizunguruka, kuburyo bukurikira:

1. Stator (igice gihamye)

Stator yibanze: igice cyingenzi cyumuzingi wa moteri ya moteri, ushyizwemo na stator;

Stator ihindagurika: Ni coil, igice cyizunguruka cya moteri, ihujwe no gutanga amashanyarazi kandi ikoreshwa mugukora amashanyarazi azunguruka;

Imashini shingiro: gutunganya stator ya stator na moteri yanyuma, hanyuma ukine uruhare rwo kurinda no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe;

2. Rotor (igice kizunguruka)

Rotor yibanze: igice cyingenzi cyumuzingi wa moteri ya moteri, rotor roting ishyirwa mumwanya wibanze;

Guhinduranya rotor: guca umuzenguruko wa magnetiki uzunguruka kuri stator kugirango ubyare ingufu za electromotive nizuba, hanyuma ukore moteri ya electronique kugirango uzunguruke moteri;

Inzira nyinshi zo kubara za moteri:

1. Electromagnetic ifitanye isano

1) Imbaraga zamashanyarazi zatewe na moteri: E = 4.44 * f * N * Φ, E nimbaraga za coil electromotive, f ninshuro, S nigice cyambukiranya igice cyumuyobozi ukikije (nkicyuma intangiriro), N numubare wimpinduka, na Φ ni rukuruzi ya Pass.

Uburyo formula ikomoka, ntituzacengera muribi bintu, tuzareba cyane cyane kubikoresha.Imbaraga za electromotive ningirakamaro ya induction ya electromagnetic.Nyuma yuko umuyoboro ufite ingufu za electromotive zimaze gufungwa, hazashyirwaho amashanyarazi.Umuyoboro uterwa imbaraga ukoreshwa ningufu za ampere mumashanyarazi, bigakora umwanya wa magneti usunika coil guhinduka.

Birazwi uhereye kuri formula yavuzwe haruguru ko ubunini bwingufu za electromotive bugereranwa ninshuro yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, umubare wimpinduka za coil hamwe na rukuruzi ya rukuruzi.

Imibare ya magnetiki flux yo kubara Φ = B * S * COSθ, iyo indege ifite agace S iba itandukanijwe nicyerekezo cyumurima wa magneti, inguni θ ni 0, COSθ ihwanye na 1, kandi formula iba Φ = B * S .

Uhujije formula ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, urashobora kubona formula yo kubara ubukana bwa magnetiki flux ya moteri: B = E / (4.44 * f * N * S).

2) Ibindi ni formulaire ya Ampere.Kugirango tumenye imbaraga coil yakira, dukeneye iyi formula F = I * L * B * sinα, aho ndi imbaraga zubu, L nuburebure bwumuyoboro, B nimbaraga za rukuruzi, α ni inguni hagati ya icyerekezo cyubu nicyerekezo cyumwanya wa magneti.Iyo insinga itandukanijwe n'umurima wa magneti, formula iba F = I * L * B (niba ari igiceri cya N-gihinduka, magnetiki flux B ni magnetique yuzuye ya coil ya N-ihinduka, kandi ntayo bakeneye kugwiza N).

Niba uzi imbaraga, uzamenya torque.Umuyoboro uhwanye na torque yagwijwe na radiyo y'ibikorwa, T = r * F = r * I * B * L (ibicuruzwa bya vector).Binyuze muburyo bubiri bwimbaraga = imbaraga * umuvuduko (P = F * V) numuvuduko wumurongo V = 2πR * umuvuduko kumasegonda (n amasegonda), umubano nimbaraga urashobora gushirwaho, hamwe na formula ya No 3 ikurikira irashobora kuboneka.Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko ibyasohotse mubyukuri bikoreshwa muriki gihe, imbaraga rero zabazwe nimbaraga zisohoka.

2. Inzira yo kubara yihuta ya moteri ya AC idahwitse: n = 60f / P, ibi biroroshye cyane, umuvuduko uringaniye ninshuro yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi ugereranije numubare wibiti bibiri (ibuka hamwe ) ya moteri, koresha formulaire itaziguye.Nyamara, iyi formulaire mubyukuri ibara ryihuta (kuzunguruka umuvuduko wumurongo wa magneti), kandi umuvuduko nyawo wa moteri ya asinchronous uzaba munsi gato ugereranije numuvuduko wa syncronique, kuburyo dukunze kubona ko moteri ya pole 4 muri rusange irenga 1400 rpm, ariko munsi ya 1500 rpm.

3. Isano iri hagati yumuriro wa moteri numuvuduko wa metero yimbaraga: T = 9550P / n (P nimbaraga za moteri, n ni umuvuduko wa moteri), ishobora gukurwa mubikubiye muri No 1 hejuru, ariko ntidukeneye kwiga kugabanya, ibuka iyi mibare formula izakora.Ariko ongera wibuke, imbaraga P muri formula ntabwo ari imbaraga zinjiza, ahubwo nimbaraga zisohoka.Bitewe no gutakaza moteri, imbaraga zinjiza ntabwo zingana nimbaraga zisohoka.Ariko ibitabo bikunze kuba byiza, kandi imbaraga zo kwinjiza zingana nimbaraga zisohoka.

4. Imbaraga za moteri (imbaraga zo kwinjiza):

1) Icyiciro kimwe cyo kubara ingufu za moteri yo kubara: P = U * I * cosφ, niba imbaraga zingufu ari 0.8, voltage ni 220V, naho ikigezweho ni 2A, hanyuma imbaraga P = 0.22 × 2 × 0.8 = 0.352KW.

2) Inzira y'ibyiciro bitatu yo kubara ingufu za moteri: P = 1.732 * U * I * cosφ (cosφ nikintu cyingufu, U numurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa voltage, kandi ninjye wumurongo wumurongo).Ariko, U na I byubu bwoko bifitanye isano no guhuza moteri.Muguhuza inyenyeri, kubera ko impera zisanzwe za coil eshatu zitandukanijwe na 120 ° voltage zahujwe hamwe kugirango zibe ingingo 0, voltage yapakiwe kuri coil yimitwaro mubyukuri icyiciro -cyiciro.Iyo uburyo bwo guhuza delta bwakoreshejwe, umurongo w'amashanyarazi uhujwe na buri mpera ya buri giceri, bityo voltage kuri coil yumutwaro ni umurongo wa voltage.Niba ingufu zikoreshwa cyane 3 -cyiciro 380V zikoreshwa, coil ni 220V muguhuza inyenyeri, naho delta ni 380V, P = U * I = U ^ 2 / R, imbaraga rero muguhuza delta ninyenyeri ihuza inshuro 3, niyo mpamvu moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi ikoresha inyenyeri-delta kumanuka-gutangira.

Nyuma yo kumenya neza ibyavuzwe haruguru no kubyumva neza, ihame rya moteri ntirizitiranya, kandi ntuzatinya kwiga amasomo yo murwego rwohejuru rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga.

Ibindi bice bya moteri

1) Umufana: mubisanzwe ushyizwe kumurizo wa moteri kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe kuri moteri;

2) Agasanduku gahuza: gakoreshwa muguhuza amashanyarazi, nka AC ibyiciro bitatu bya moteri idahwitse, irashobora kandi guhuzwa ninyenyeri cyangwa delta ukurikije ibikenewe;

3) Gutwara: guhuza ibice bizunguruka kandi bihagaze bya moteri;

4. Igifuniko cyanyuma: Igipfukisho cyimbere ninyuma hanze ya moteri bigira uruhare runini.

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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-13-2022