Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga yahinduwe (srd) igizwe nibice bine: moteri yahinduwe (moteri ya srm cyangwa sr), ihinduranya ingufu, umugenzuzi na detector.Iterambere ryihuse ryubwoko bushya bwo kugenzura umuvuduko witerambere.Moteri yahinduwe ya moteri ni moteri ya kabiri ikomeye yo kwanga, ikoresha ihame ryo kwanga byibuze kubyara umuriro.Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye cyane kandi bukomeye, urwego rwagutse rwo kugenzura umuvuduko, imikorere myiza yo kugenzura umuvuduko, kandi ugereranije umuvuduko mwinshi murwego rwose rwo kugenzura umuvuduko.Ubushobozi buhanitse hamwe na sisitemu yo kwizerwa cyane bituma iba umunywanyi ukomeye wa sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya AC, sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya DC hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya DC.Moteri yo kwanga guhinduranya yarakwirakwiriye cyane cyangwa yatangiye gukoreshwa mubice bitandukanye nko gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo murugo, inganda rusange, inganda zindege hamwe na sisitemu ya servo, bikubiyemo sisitemu zitandukanye zo gutwara ibinyabiziga byihuta kandi bito bifite ingufu zingana na 10w kugeza 5mw, byerekana ubushobozi bunini bw'isoko.
2.1 Moteri ifite imiterere yoroshye, igiciro gito, kandi irakwiriye umuvuduko mwinshi
Imiterere ya moteri yahinduwe yanga iroroshye kuruta iy'imodoka ya squirrel-cage induction isanzwe ifatwa nkiyoroshye.Igiceri cya stator ni icyerekezo cyoroshye, cyoroshye gushiramo, iherezo ni rigufi kandi rihamye, kandi imikorere ni iyo kwizerwa.Ibidukikije;rotor ikozwe gusa mumabati yicyuma cya silicon, kubwibyo ntakibazo kizabaho nko guta akajagari keza ka kashe hamwe no kumenagura imbaho zikoreshwa mugihe cyo gukora moteri ya induction cage.Rotor ifite imbaraga zo gukanika cyane kandi irashobora gukora kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane.impinduramatwara igera ku 100.000 kumunota.
2.2 Inzira zoroshye kandi zizewe
Icyerekezo cyumuriro wa moteri ntaho gihuriye nicyerekezo cyumuyaga uhindagurika, ni ukuvuga ko gusa umuyaga uhinduranya icyerekezo kimwe urasabwa, icyiciro cya fonction gihuza imiyoboro ibiri yingufu zumuzingi nyamukuru, kandi hazabaho nta kiraro ukuboko kugororotse-unyuze mugihe gito-kizunguruka., Sisitemu ifite kwihanganira amakosa akomeye kandi yizewe cyane, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubihe bidasanzwe nkikirere.
2.3 Itangiriro ryinshi, itangira rito
Ibicuruzwa byamasosiyete menshi birashobora kugera kubikorwa bikurikira: mugihe itangira ritangira ari 15% yumuvuduko wagenwe, itara ritangirira ni 100% yumuriro wagenwe;mugihe intangiriro yo gutangira ari 30% yagaciro kagenwe, itara ryo gutangira rishobora kugera kuri 150% byagaciro.%.Ugereranije no gutangira kuranga izindi sisitemu zo kugenzura umuvuduko, nka moteri ya DC hamwe na 100% itangira, shakisha 100%;moteri ya cage induction moteri hamwe na 300% itangira ikigezweho, shaka 100%.Birashobora kugaragara ko moteri yahinduwe yanga ifite imikorere-yoroshye yo gutangira, ingaruka zubu ni nto mugihe cyo gutangira, kandi gushyushya moteri na mugenzuzi ni bito ugereranije nibikorwa bikomeza kugenzurwa, bityo birakwiriye cyane cyane inshuro nyinshi gutangira-guhagarara no guhinduranya-guhinduranya ibikorwa, nka planeri ya gantry, imashini zogusya, inganda zisubira inyuma munganda zicururizwamo ibyuma, ibyuma biguruka, inkweto ziguruka, nibindi.
2.4 Kugenzura umuvuduko mugari no gukora neza
Imikorere ikora ni hejuru ya 92% kumuvuduko wapimwe nu mutwaro wagenwe, kandi imikorere rusange ikomeza kugera kuri 80% murwego rwose.
2.5 Hano haribintu byinshi bigenzurwa nibikorwa byiza byo kugenzura umuvuduko
Hano hari byibuze ibice bine byingenzi bikora hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura moteri yahinduwe yanga: icyiciro cyo guhinduranya inguni, inguni iva kumurongo, icyerekezo cya amplitude hamwe na voltage yumuyaga.Hano haribintu byinshi bishobora kugenzurwa, bivuze ko kugenzura byoroshye kandi byoroshye.Uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura nibipimo byagaciro birashobora gukoreshwa ukurikije ibisabwa bya moteri hamwe nibisabwa na moteri kugirango ikore muri reta nziza, kandi irashobora kandi kugera kumirimo itandukanye hamwe nimirongo yihariye iranga, nko gukora the moteri ifite ubushobozi bumwe bune bwa quadrant (imbere, inyuma, moteri no gufata feri) ubushobozi, hamwe na torque yo hejuru hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara imitwaro ya moteri ikurikirana.
2.6 Irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa bidasanzwe binyuze muburyo bumwe kandi buhujwe no gushushanya imashini n'amashanyarazi
Imiterere isumba iyindi n'imikorere ya moteri yahinduwe yanga gukora ikibanza cyayo cyagutse cyane.Ibice bitatu bisanzwe bikurikira birasesengurwa.
3.1 Umushinga wa Gantry
Umushinga wa gantry ni imashini ikora munganda zikora imashini.Uburyo bukora bwumuteguro ni uko imbonerahamwe ikora itwara igihangano cyo kwisubiraho.Iyo igiye imbere, uwashizeho gahunda yashizwe kumurongo ategura igihangano, kandi iyo gisubiye inyuma, uwateguye azamura igihangano.Kuva icyo gihe, intebe y'akazi iragaruka n'umurongo wuzuye.Imikorere ya sisitemu nyamukuru ya sisitemu yuwateguye ni ugutwara icyerekezo cyo gusubiranamo cyakazi.Ikigaragara ni uko imikorere yacyo ifitanye isano itaziguye nubwiza bwo gutunganya no gukora neza kubitegura.Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga isabwa kugira ibintu byingenzi bikurikira.
3.1.1 Ibyingenzi
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(2) Igipimo cyitandukaniro gihamye gisabwa kuba kinini.Umuvuduko wihuta ugabanuka kuva nta-mutwaro kugeza icyuma gitunguranye ntabwo kirenze 3%, kandi ubushobozi bwigihe gito burenze ubushobozi.
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(4) Akazi gahagaze neza ni keza, kandi umwanya wo kugaruka wurugendo ruzenguruka nukuri.
Kugeza ubu, sisitemu nyamukuru ya sisitemu yo mu rugo ya gantry itegura ahanini ifite ishusho ya DC nuburyo bwa moteri idahwitse ya moteri-electromagnetic.Umubare munini wabategura utwarwa cyane na DC ibice biri mubusaza bukabije, moteri irambarwa cyane, ibishashi kuri brusse ni binini ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi biremereye, kunanirwa ni kenshi, kandi imirimo yo kubungabunga ni nini, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye umusaruro usanzwe..Byongeye kandi, iyi sisitemu byanze bikunze ifite ibibi byibikoresho binini, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi n urusaku rwinshi.Sisitemu idahwitse ya moteri-electromagnetic clutch sisitemu yishingikiriza kumashanyarazi ya electromagnetic kugirango imenye icyerekezo cyimbere ninyuma, kwambara kwa clutch birakomeye, guhagarara kumurimo ntabwo ari byiza, kandi ntibyoroshye guhindura umuvuduko, bityo bikoreshwa gusa kubategura urumuri. .
3.1.2 Ibibazo hamwe na Moteri ya Induction
Niba sisitemu ya induction moteri ihindagurika yihuta yo kugenzura sisitemu ikoreshwa, ibibazo bikurikira birahari:
(1) Ibisohoka biranga byoroshye, kuburyo uwateguye gantry adashobora gutwara umutwaro uhagije kumuvuduko muke.
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(4) Moteri irashyuha.
Ibiranga moteri yahinduwe yanga irakwiriye cyane cyane gutangira kenshi, gufata feri no kugenda.Intangiriro yo gutangira mugihe cyo kugenda ni nto, kandi itangira na feri ya torque irashobora guhinduka, bityo ukemeza ko umuvuduko ujyanye nibisabwa mubikorwa muburyo butandukanye.Guhura na.Moteri yahinduwe yanga kandi ifite imbaraga nyinshi.Yaba umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa muto, nta-umutwaro cyangwa umutwaro wuzuye, ibintu byingufu byegereye 1, bikaba byiza kuruta ubundi buryo bwo kohereza ubu bukoreshwa mubitegura gantry.
3.2 Imashini imesa
Hamwe niterambere ryubukungu no gukomeza kuzamura imibereho yabaturage, icyifuzo cyimashini zimesa zangiza ibidukikije kandi zifite ubwenge nazo ziriyongera.Nimbaraga nyamukuru yimashini imesa, imikorere ya moteri igomba gukomeza kunozwa.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bubiri bwimashini imesa ikunzwe kumasoko yimbere mugihugu: pulsator n'imashini zo gukaraba ingoma.Nubwo imashini imesa yaba imeze ite, ihame shingiro nuko moteri itwara pulsator cyangwa ingoma kuzunguruka, bityo bikabyara amazi, hanyuma amazi akagenda n'imbaraga zitangwa na pulsator n'ingoma bikoreshwa mugukaraba imyenda .Imikorere ya moteri igena imikorere yimashini imesa kurwego runini.Leta, ni ukuvuga, igena ubwiza bwo gukaraba no gukama, kimwe nubunini bw urusaku no kunyeganyega.
Kugeza ubu, moteri ikoreshwa mu mashini imesa ya pulsator ahanini ni moteri yo kwinjiza icyiciro kimwe, kandi bake bakoresha moteri yo guhinduranya inshuro na moteri idafite DC.Imashini imesa ingoma ahanini ishingiye kuri moteri ikurikirana, hiyongereyeho moteri ihindagurika, moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi, moteri yanga.
Ingaruka zo gukoresha moteri yicyiciro kimwe induction iragaragara cyane, nkibi bikurikira:
(1) ntishobora guhindura umuvuduko
Hariho umuvuduko umwe gusa wo kuzunguruka mugihe cyo gukaraba, kandi biragoye guhuza nibisabwa nimyenda itandukanye kumuvuduko wo gukaraba.Ibyo bita "gukaraba gukomeye", "gukaraba guke", "gukaraba neza" hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gukaraba bihinduka gusa Ni uguhindura gusa igihe cyo kuzenguruka imbere no guhindukira, kandi kugirango witondere ibisabwa byihuta byizunguruka mugihe cyo gukaraba, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka mugihe cyo kubura amazi akenshi uba muke, mubisanzwe 400 rpm kugeza 600 rpm.
(2) Imikorere ni mike cyane
Ubusanzwe imikorere iri munsi ya 30%, kandi intangiriro yo gutangira ni nini cyane, ishobora kugera ku nshuro 7 kugeza kuri 8 zagenwe.Biragoye kumenyera ibihe byimbere kandi bigahinduka.
Moteri yuruhererekane ni moteri ya DC ikurikirana, ifite ibyiza byo gutangira nini nini, gukora neza, kugenzura byihuse, no gukora neza.Nyamara, ibibi bya moteri yuruhererekane ni uko imiterere igoye, icyerekezo cya rotor kigomba guhindurwamo imashini binyuze muri commutator na brush, kandi guterana kunyerera hagati ya komisiyo no gukaraba bikunda kwambara imashini, urusaku, ibishashi na kwivanga kwa electronique.Ibi bigabanya kwizerwa kwa moteri kandi bigabanya ubuzima bwayo.
Ibiranga moteri yahinduwe yanga ituma bishoboka kugera kubisubizo byiza iyo bikoreshejwe kumashini imesa.Sisitemu yo kwanga moteri yihuta yo kugenzura ifite umuvuduko mugari wo kugenzura umuvuduko, ushobora gukora "gukaraba" na
Kuzunguruka "byose bikora kumuvuduko mwiza wo gukaraba bisanzwe, gukaraba neza, gukaraba neza, gukaraba mahmal, ndetse no gukaraba byihuse.Urashobora kandi guhitamo umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka uko bishakiye mugihe cyo kubura umwuma.Urashobora kandi kongera umuvuduko ukurikije gahunda zimwe zashyizweho, kugirango imyenda ibashe kwirinda kunyeganyega n urusaku biterwa no gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye mugihe cyo kuzunguruka.Imikorere myiza yo gutangira ya moteri yahinduwe yanga irashobora gukuraho ingaruka za moteri ikomeza imbere kandi igahinduka itangirira kumashanyarazi mugihe cyo gukaraba, bigatuma gukaraba no kugenda neza kandi nta rusaku.Ubushobozi buhanitse bwimikorere ya moteri yihuta yo kugenzura umuvuduko murwego rwose rwo kugenzura umuvuduko urashobora kugabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu zimashini imesa.
Moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi rwose ni umunywanyi ukomeye kuri moteri yahinduwe yanga, ariko ibyiza bya moteri yahinduwe byanze bikunze ni bike, imbaraga, nta demagnetisation nibikorwa byiza byo gutangira.
3.3 Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, kubera ko abantu barushijeho kwita ku bibazo by’ibidukikije n’ingufu, ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byahindutse uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu kubera ibyiza by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, urusaku ruke, amasoko manini, n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nyinshi.Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ibyangombwa bikurikira kuri sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga: gukora neza mugace kose gakorera, ubwinshi bwumuriro nubucucike bwumuriro, umuvuduko mwinshi wimikorere, kandi sisitemu irinda amazi, irwanya ihungabana kandi irwanya ingaruka.Kugeza ubu, sisitemu nyamukuru yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi harimo moteri ya induction, moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi hamwe na moteri yanga.
Sisitemu yo guhindura umuvuduko wa moteri yihuta ifite urukurikirane rwimiterere mubikorwa n'imiterere, bigatuma bikwiranye cyane nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Ifite ibyiza bikurikira mubijyanye nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi:
(1) Moteri ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi irakwiriye umuvuduko mwinshi.Ibyinshi mu gutakaza moteri byibanze kuri stator, byoroshye gukonja kandi birashobora gukorwa muburyo bworoshye bwo gukonjesha amazi-biturika, bidasaba ahanini kubungabungwa.
.Iyi mikorere ni ingirakamaro cyane kunoza inzira yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
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Urebye ibyiza byavuzwe haruguru, hariho uburyo bwinshi bufatika bwa moteri yahinduwe yanga mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bisi zamashanyarazi nigare ryamashanyarazi murugo no mumahanga].
Kuberako moteri yahinduwe yanga ifite ibyiza byuburyo bworoshye, bito bitangira bigezweho, umuvuduko mugari wo kugenzura, hamwe no kugenzura neza, bifite ibyiza byo gusaba hamwe nuburyo bugari bwo gukoreshwa mubice byabategura gantry, imashini zo kumesa, hamwe n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Hano haribikorwa byinshi bifatika mubice byavuzwe haruguru.Nubwo mu Bushinwa hari urwego runaka rushyirwa mu bikorwa, ruracyari mu ntangiriro kandi ubushobozi bwarwo ntiburagerwaho.Byizerwa ko ikoreshwa ryayo mubice byavuzwe haruguru rizagenda ryiyongera.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-18-2022