2) Moteri izunguruka

Hano, nkuburyo bufatika bwo kuzenguruka imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo kubyara umurima wa magneti uzunguruka ukoresheje ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana byumuyaga hamwe na coil.
(Ibyiciro bitatu AC ni ikimenyetso cya AC gifite intera iri hagati ya 120 °)

• Umwanya wa rukuruzi ya magnetiki murwego rwo hejuru ① leta ihuye nigishushanyo gikurikira ①.
• Umwanya wa rukuruzi ya magnetiki muri leta ② hejuru uhuye na ② mumashusho hepfo.
• Umwanya wa rukuruzi ya magnetiki murwego rwo hejuru ③ uhuye nigishushanyo gikurikira ③.

Nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru, igikomere cya coil kizengurutse intangiriro kigabanyijemo ibice bitatu, naho U-feri ya U, icyiciro cya V-icyiciro, na W-icyiciro cya W-icyiciro gitunganijwe hagati ya 120 °.Igiceri hamwe na voltage ndende itanga N pole, naho coil hamwe na voltage ntoya itanga S pole.
Kuva buri cyiciro gihinduka nkumuhengeri wa sine, polarite (N pole, S pole) ikorwa na buri coil hamwe numurima wa magneti (imbaraga za magneti) zirahinduka.
Muri iki gihe, reba gusa igiceri gitanga N pole, hanyuma uhindure mukurikirane ukurikije igiceri cya U-cyiciro → V-icyiciro coil → W-icyiciro coil → U-fase coil, bityo irazunguruka.

Imiterere ya moteri nto

Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana imiterere rusange no kugereranya moteri eshatu: moteri yintambwe, gusunika amashanyarazi (DC), na moteri idafite amashanyarazi (DC).Ibice byingenzi bigize moteri ni coil, magnesi na rotor.Mubyongeyeho, bitewe nubwoko butandukanye, bagabanijwemo ubwoko bwa coil hamwe nubwoko bwa magneti.

Ibikurikira nubusobanuro bwimiterere ijyanye nurugero igishushanyo.Kubera ko hashobora kubaho izindi nzego kurwego rushimishije, nyamuneka wumve ko imiterere yasobanuwe muriyi ngingo iri murwego runini.

Hano, coil ya moteri yintambwe yashyizwe hanze, kandi magnet azunguruka imbere.

Hano, magnesi ya moteri ya DC yasunitswe yashyizwe hanze, kandi ibizunguruka bizunguruka imbere.Brush na commutator bashinzwe gutanga ingufu kuri coil no guhindura icyerekezo cyubu.

Hano, coil ya moteri idafite brush yashizwe hanze, kandi rukuruzi irazenguruka imbere.

Bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri, nubwo ibice byibanze ari bimwe, imiterere iratandukanye.Ibisobanuro bizasobanurwa birambuye muri buri gice.

moteri

Imiterere ya moteri yasunitswe

Hasi nicyo moteri ya DC yogejwe ikunze gukoreshwa mubyitegererezo bisa, kimwe nigishushanyo giturika cya pole ebyiri zisanzwe (magnesi 2) moteri yubwoko butatu (coil 3).Birashoboka ko abantu benshi bafite uburambe bwo gusenya moteri no gukuramo magneti.

Birashobora kugaragara ko magnesi zihoraho za moteri ya DC yasunitswe ikosowe, kandi ibishishwa bya moteri ya DC yasunitswe birashobora kuzenguruka hagati imbere.Uruhande ruhagaze rwitwa "stator" naho uruhande ruzunguruka rwitwa "rotor".

Ibikurikira nigishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yerekana imyumvire.

Hano hari ingendo eshatu (impapuro zigoramye kugirango zihindurwe) kuri peripheri yumuzenguruko wo hagati.Kugirango wirinde guhura, abagenzi batunganijwe hagati ya 120 ° (360 ° ÷ ibice 3).Ingendo zizunguruka uko uruziga ruzunguruka.

Ingendo imwe ihujwe nimpera imwe hamwe nindi mpera ya coil, naho abagenzi batatu hamwe na coil eshatu bagize byose (impeta) nkumuyoboro wumuzunguruko.

Amashanyarazi abiri ashyizwe kuri 0 ° na 180 ° kugirango ahure na komite.Amashanyarazi yo hanze ya DC ahujwe na brush, hamwe nubu bigenda ukurikije inzira ya brush → commutator → coil → brush.

Ihame ryo guhinduranya moteri yasunitswe

① Kuzenguruka amasaha avuye kumurongo wambere

Coil A iri hejuru, ihuza amashanyarazi kuri brush, reka ibumoso kuba (+) naho iburyo (().Umuyoboro munini utemba uva ibumoso kugirango ugabanye A unyuze muri commutator.Nuburyo imiterere igice cyo hejuru (uruhande rwinyuma) rwa coil A ihinduka S pole.

Kuva 1/2 cyumuyaga wa coil A itemba kuva kuri brush ibumoso kugirango igabanye B na coil C muburyo bunyuranye kugirango ifatanye A, impande zinyuma za coil B na coil C ziba intege N pole (zerekanwa ninyuguti ntoya muri ishusho).

Imirasire ya magnetiki yaremye muribi bishishwa hamwe ningaruka ziteye ishozi kandi zishimishije za magnesi zitera ingirabuzimafatizo imbaraga zo kuzenguruka amasaha.

② Komeza uhindukire ku isaha

Ibikurikira, hafatwa ko brush iburyo iri guhura nabagenzi bombi muri leta aho coil A izunguruka ku isaha ya 30 °.

Umuyoboro wa coil A ukomeje gutemba uva ibumoso ugana kuri brush iburyo, naho hanze ya coil ikomeza S pole.

Umuyoboro umwe na Coil A unyura muri Coil B, naho hanze ya Coil B ihinduka N pole ikomeye.

Kubera ko impera zombi za coil C zigenda zuzunguruka mugihe cyohasi, ntamugezi uhari kandi nta murima wa magneti ubyara.

Ndetse muriki gihe, imbaraga zo kuzenguruka zamasaha zirahari.

Kuva ③ kugeza ④, coil yo hejuru ikomeza kwakira imbaraga ibumoso, naho coil yo hepfo ikomeza kwakira imbaraga iburyo, kandi ikomeza kuzenguruka ku isaha

Iyo igiceri kizunguruka kuri ③ na ④ buri 30 °, iyo coil ihagaze hejuru ya horizontal hagati, impande zinyuma za coil ziba S pole;iyo coil ihagaze hepfo, ihinduka N pole, kandi iyi ngendo isubirwamo.

Muyandi magambo, igiceri cyo hejuru gihatirwa inshuro nyinshi ibumoso, naho coil yo hepfo ihatirwa inshuro nyinshi iburyo (byombi mu cyerekezo cyamasaha).Ibi bituma rotor izunguruka ku isaha igihe cyose.

Niba uhuza imbaraga kuruhande rwibumoso (-) na brux iburyo (+), amashanyarazi ahwanye na magnetiki arema muri coil, bityo imbaraga zikoreshwa kuri coil nazo ziri muburyo butandukanye, zihindura isaha.

Byongeye kandi, iyo amashanyarazi yazimye, rotor ya moteri yasunitswe ihagarika kuzunguruka kuko ntamwanya wa magneti ukomeza kuzunguruka.

Ibyiciro bitatu byuzuye-byuzuye moteri idafite moteri

Kugaragara n'imiterere yibice bitatu byuzuye-byuzuye moteri idafite moteri

Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana urugero rwimiterere n'imiterere ya moteri idafite brush.

Ibumoso ni urugero rwa moteri ya spindle ikoreshwa mu kuzenguruka disiki ya optique mugikoresho cyo gukinisha disiki.Igiteranyo cyibyiciro bitatu × 3 byose hamwe 9.Iburyo ni urugero rwa moteri ya spindle kubikoresho bya FDD, hamwe na coil 12 zose (ibyiciro bitatu × 4).Igiceri gishyizwe ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko kandi gikomeretsa icyuma.

Igice kimeze nka disiki iburyo bwa coil ni rotor ihoraho.Uruzitiro ni rukuruzi ihoraho, uruziga rwa rotor rwinjizwa mugice cyo hagati ya coil kandi rutwikiriye igice cya coil, kandi rukuruzi ihoraho izengurutse impande zose.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere hamwe na coil ihuza ibizunguruka bingana na feri eshatu yuzuye-yuzuye moteri idafite moteri

Ibikurikira nigishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimbere nigishushanyo mbonera cyumuzingi uhwanye na coil ihuza.

Igishushanyo cyimbere ni urugero rworoshye cyane 2-pole (magnesi 2) moteri 3 (ibiceri 3).Irasa nuburyo bwa moteri yasunitswe hamwe numubare umwe wibiti hamwe nu mwanya, ariko uruhande rwa coil rurakosowe kandi magnesi zirashobora kuzunguruka.Birumvikana ko nta burusiya.

Muri iki gihe, coil irahujwe na Y, ikoresheje igice cya semiconductor kugirango itange coil hamwe numuyoboro, kandi iyinjira nogusohoka byumuyaga bigenzurwa ukurikije umwanya wa rukuruzi izunguruka.Muriyi ngero, ikintu cya Hall gikoreshwa mukumenya aho rukuruzi ihagaze.Ikintu cya Hall gitunganijwe hagati ya coil, kandi voltage yakozwe iramenyekana hashingiwe ku mbaraga zumurima wa rukuruzi kandi ikoreshwa nkamakuru yumwanya.Mu ishusho ya moteri ya FDD spindle yatanzwe mbere, birashobora kandi kugaragara ko hari ikintu cya Hall (hejuru ya coil) kugirango hamenyekane umwanya hagati ya coil na coil.

Ibikoresho byo muri salle bizwi cyane bya rukuruzi.Ubunini bwumurima wa magneti burashobora guhinduka mubunini bwa voltage, kandi icyerekezo cyumurima wa magneti gishobora kugaragazwa nkibintu byiza cyangwa bibi.Hasi nigishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ingaruka za Hall.

Ibikoresho byo muri salle bifashisha ibintu "iyo bigezweho I._{H itembera mu gice cya kabiri kandi magnetiki flux B inyura kumpande iburyo kugeza kuri voltage, voltage V.H}ni Byakozwe mu cyerekezo perpendicular kuri the current and the magnetic field“, Umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’umunyamerika Edwin Herbert Hall (Edwin Herbert Hall) yavumbuye iki kintu maze yita“ Ingaruka ya Hall ”.Umuvuduko wavuyemo V._Hihagarariwe na formula ikurikira.

V._H= (K._H/ d) ・ I._H・ B ※ K._H: Coefficient ya salle, d: ubunini bwa magnetiki flux yinjira hejuru

Nkuko formulaire ibigaragaza, hejuru yubu, niko voltage iri hejuru.Iyi mikorere ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango tumenye umwanya wa rotor (magnet).

Ihame ryo kuzenguruka ibyiciro bitatu byuzuye-byuzuye moteri idafite moteri

Ihame ryo kuzunguruka rya moteri idafite brush izasobanurwa mu ntambwe zikurikira ① kugeza ⑥.Kugirango byumvikane byoroshye, magnesi zihoraho zoroshe kuva muruziga kugera kurukiramende hano.

①

Mu bice bitatu by'ibiceri, hafatwa ko igiceri 1 gishyizwe mu cyerekezo cy'isaha 12 z'isaha, coil 2 igashyirwa mu cyerekezo cy'isaha ya saa yine, naho coil 3 igashyirwa muri icyerekezo cy'isaha 8 z'isaha.Reka N pole ya magneti 2-pole ihoraho ibe ibumoso na S pole iburyo, kandi irashobora kuzunguruka.

Io iriho ubu yinjira muri coil 1 kugirango itange S-pole magnetiki yumurima hanze ya coil.Umuyoboro wa Io / 2 wakozwe kugirango uve muri Coil 2 na Coil 3 kugirango ubyare ingufu za N-pole magnetique hanze ya coil.

Iyo imirima ya magnetiki ya coil 2 na coil 3 byerekanwe, umurima wa magneti N-pole ubyara hepfo, ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 0,5 ubunini bwumurima wa magneti wabyaye mugihe Io iriho inyuze muri coil imwe, kandi ikubye inshuro 1.5 iyo wongeyeho kuri magnetique yumurima wa coil 1.Ibi birema ibisubizo bya magnetique biva kuri 90 ° inguni ya magneti ahoraho, bityo urumuri ntarengwa rushobora kubyara, rukuruzi ihoraho izenguruka isaha.

Iyo umuyonga wa coil 2 wagabanutse kandi umuyonga wa coil 3 wiyongereye ukurikije umwanya wo kuzenguruka, ibisubizo bya magnetique bivamo nabyo bizunguruka ku isaha kandi rukuruzi ihoraho nayo ikomeza kuzunguruka.

②

Muri leta yazengurutswe na 30 °, Io iriho yinjira muri coil 1, ikiri muri coil 2 ikorwa zeru, naho Io iriho isohoka muri coil 3.

Hanze ya coil 1 ihinduka S pole, naho hanze ya coil 3 ihinduka N pole.Iyo ibice byahujwe, umurima wa magneti wavuyemo ni √3 (≈1.72) inshuro ya magnetiki yakozwe mugihe Io iriho inyuze muri coil.Ibi kandi bitanga imbaraga za rukuruzi ziva kuri 90 ° inguni ya magneti ihoraho kandi ikazenguruka isaha.

Iyo umuyoboro winjira Io wa coil 1 wagabanutse ukurikije umwanya wo kuzunguruka, umuyoboro winjira wa coil 2 wiyongereye kuva kuri zeru, naho umuyaga usohoka wa coil 3 wongerewe kuri Io, umurima wa magneti nawo uzunguruka ku isaha, na rukuruzi ihoraho nayo ikomeza kuzunguruka.

Dufashe ko buri cyiciro kigezweho ari sinusoidal waveform, agaciro kagezweho hano ni Io × icyaha (π⁄3) = Io × √3⁄2 Binyuze muri vector synthesis yumurima wa magneti, ingano yumurima wa magneti yose iboneka nka (√ 3⁄2)²× 2 = inshuro 1.5.Iyo buri cyiciro cyumuyaga ari sine, utitaye kumwanya wa magneti uhoraho, ubunini bwa vector compteur magnetique ikubye inshuro 1.5 iyumurima wa magneti ukorwa na coil, kandi umurima wa magneti uri kuri 90 ° ugereranije kuri magnetiki yumurima wa rukuruzi ihoraho.

③

Muri leta yo gukomeza kuzunguruka kuri 30 °, Io / 2 y'ubu itemba muri coil 1, Io / 2 y'ubu itemba muri coil 2, naho Io iriho isohoka muri coil 3.

Hanze ya coil 1 ihinduka S pole, hanze ya coil 2 nayo ihinduka S pole, naho hanze ya coil 3 ihinduka N pole.Iyo ibice byahujwe, imbaraga za rukuruzi zavuyemo zikubye inshuro 1.5 umurima wa magneti wakozwe mugihe Io igezweho inyuze muri coil (kimwe na ①).Hano, na none, umurima wa magnetiki utanga umusaruro ubyara inguni ya 90 ° kubijyanye numurima wa rukuruzi wa rukuruzi ihoraho kandi ukazenguruka isaha.

④ ～ ⑥

Kuzenguruka muburyo bumwe nka ① kugeza ③.

Muri ubu buryo, niba ikigezweho gitemba muri coil gihora gihinduranya muburyo bukurikiranye ukurikije umwanya wa rukuruzi ihoraho, rukuruzi ihoraho izunguruka mucyerekezo cyagenwe.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba uhinduye urujya n'uruza hanyuma ugahindura ibisubizo bya magnetique, bizunguruka ku isaha.

Igishushanyo gikurikira gikomeza kwerekana icyerekezo cya buri coil muri buri ntambwe ① kugeza ⑥ hejuru.Binyuze mu ntangiriro yavuzwe haruguru, bigomba gushoboka kumva isano iri hagati yimpinduka nizunguruka.

moteri

Moteri ikandagira ni moteri ishobora kugenzura neza impande zizunguruka n'umuvuduko muguhuza hamwe na signal ya pulse.Moteri yintambwe nayo yitwa "pulse moteri".Kuberako moteri yintambwe ishobora kugera kumwanya wukuri binyuze mumugenzuzi ufunguye udakoresheje ibyuma byerekana imyanya, bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bisaba guhagarara.

Imiterere ya moteri yintambwe (bipolar ibyiciro bibiri)

Imibare ikurikira uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo ni urugero rwimiterere ya moteri ikandagira, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimbere, nigishushanyo mbonera cyibitekerezo.

Kurugero rwo kugaragara, isura yubwoko bwa HB (Hybrid) na PM (Permanent Magnet) ubwoko bwa moteri yatanzwe.Igishushanyo cyimiterere hagati nacyo cyerekana imiterere yubwoko bwa HB nubwoko bwa PM.

Moteri ikandagira ni imiterere igiceri gikosorwa kandi rukuruzi ihoraho.Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimbere ya moteri yintambwe iburyo ni urugero rwa moteri ya PM ukoresheje ibyiciro bibiri (ibice bibiri) bya coil.Kurugero rwimiterere yibanze ya moteri ikandagira, ibishishwa bitondekanye hanze kandi magnesi zihoraho zitunganijwe imbere.Usibye ibice bibiri by'ibiceri, hari ibyiciro bitatu n'ibyiciro bitanu hamwe nibyiciro byinshi.

Moteri zimwe zintambwe zifite izindi nzego zitandukanye, ariko imiterere shingiro ya moteri yintambwe yatanzwe muriyi ngingo kugirango byoroherezwe kumenyekanisha ihame ryakazi.Binyuze muriyi ngingo, ndizera ko nzasobanukirwa ko moteri igenda ahanini ifata imiterere ya coil ihamye kandi ikazunguruka rukuruzi.

Ihame ryibanze ryakazi rya moteri (intambwe imwe yo kwishima)

Igishushanyo gikurikira gikoreshwa mugutangiza ihame ryibanze ryakazi rya moteri yintambwe.Uru nurugero rwo kwishima kuri buri cyiciro (gushiraho ibishishwa) byibyiciro bibiri bipolar coil hejuru.Intangiriro yiki gishushanyo nuko leta ihinduka kuva ① kugeza ④.Igiceri kigizwe na Coil 1 na Coil 2, kimwe.Byongeyeho, imyambi iriho yerekana icyerekezo kigezweho.

①

• Ibiriho bitemba biva kuruhande rwibumoso bwa coil 1 hanyuma bigasohoka bivuye kuruhande rwiburyo bwa coil 1.
• Ntukemere ko imiyoboro inyura muri coil 2.
• Muri iki gihe, uruhande rwimbere rwa coil ibumoso 1 ruhinduka N, naho uruhande rwimbere rwa coil iburyo 1 ruba S.
• Kubwibyo, rukuruzi ihoraho hagati ikururwa numurima wa magneti wa coil 1, ihinduka leta yibumoso S niburyo N, hanyuma igahagarara.

  ②

• Umuyoboro wa coil 1 urahagarikwa, numuyoboro utemba uva muruhande rwo hejuru rwa coil 2 hanyuma ugasohoka uva kuruhande rwo hepfo ya coil 2.
• Uruhande rwimbere rwigiceri cyo hejuru 2 ruhinduka N, naho uruhande rwimbere rwa coil yo hepfo 2 ruhinduka S.
• Imashini ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa magneti kandi igahagarara mukuzenguruka 90 ° kumasaha.

  ③

• Umuyoboro wa coil 2 urahagarikwa, kandi umuyaga winjira uturutse iburyo bwa coil 1 hanyuma ugasohoka uva ibumoso bwa coil 1.
• Uruhande rwimbere rwigiceri cyibumoso 1 ruhinduka S, naho uruhande rwimbere rwa coil iburyo 1 ruhinduka N.
• Imashini ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa magneti kandi igahagarara muguhindura isaha 90 °.

  ④

• Umuyoboro wa coil 1 urahagarikwa, kandi numuyoboro utemba uva kuruhande rwo hepfo ya coil 2 hanyuma ugasohoka uva kuruhande rwo hejuru rwa coil 2.
• Uruhande rwimbere rwa coil yo hejuru 2 ruhinduka S, naho uruhande rwimbere rwa coil yo hepfo 2 ruhinduka N.
• Imashini ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa magneti kandi igahagarara muguhindura isaha 90 °.