Ubwiza bukunze kuvugwa kandi bukunze kwitwa cliché, kandi niyo bukoreshwa nkijambo ryijambo, abajenjeri benshi bajugunya igitekerezo munzira mbere yo gucengera ikibazo.Isosiyete yose ishaka gukoresha iri jambo, ariko ni bangahe bafite ubushake bwo kuyikoresha?Ubwiza ni imyifatire n'inzira y'ubuzima.Ubwiza buroroshye kuvuga, ariko muriki gihe nabwo ni ikintu gishobora gusobanurwa kuri buri ntambwe yubushakashatsi.Ubwiza, mbere na mbere, bugomba gufatanwa uburemere kuva hejuru.Ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa bisaba kwitabwaho: ubuziranenge, gutanga, nigiciro (muburyo bwashushanyije), kandi niba wibanda kubiciro, urashobora guha abakiriya ibicuruzwa byiza cyane nta tekinoroji irenze.Ibi bivuze ko hari igisubizo cyoroshye cyoroshye kubyara no gutanga.Ibice byose bigomba guhuzwa kandi utanga moteri agomba kumva intego nintego yubushakashatsi.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwiza bwimbere yabatanga moteri ikoresha uburyo bwa 4.5 sigma, kandi sigma 6 ntabwo ari uburyo bushimishije kubyo abakiriya bahura nibicuruzwa byabo.Binyuze mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye barashobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bikenewe, atari kubigenewe gusa.Hamwe na sisitemu uyikoresha abona "moteri ihoraho kandi yizewe yujuje ibyangombwa byihariye mubuzima bwa moteri".Iyi ntego ni ingenzi cyane cyane mubikorwa byinshi, aho imirongo yose yiteranirizo ishobora guhagarara byoroshye kubera inenge yibicuruzwa.Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwa moteri yintambwe yikigo, bibanda kubintu bitatu byingenzi, ubuziranenge bwibigize, ubwiza bwibishushanyo nubwiza bwinganda.
Guhitamo abatanga isoko bigira uruhare runini mu kubaho no guteza imbere inganda zikora ibinyabiziga n’ingamba zo gukora, kandi ni igice cyingenzi mu micungire y’ibicuruzwa.Iyo usuzumye ubuziranenge bwibigize, inzira yo gukora ikubiyemo amateraniro menshi: stators, rotor, shafts, ibyuma, imipira yanyuma, kuzunguruka, kuyobora, guhuza, nibindi byinshi.Na none, buri tsinda rito rishobora kugabanywamo amateraniro nkinsinga, insulasiyo, amazu hamwe na kashe, umuhuza, nibindi. Ntamuntu numwe utungurwa mugihe dusabye ko ubwiza bwa buri kintu gifite akamaro, kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, buri Ibigize bigomba byose bibe byiza cyane kugirango ibicuruzwa byanyuma bizarengana.
Kuri moteri, uburinganire buringaniye hamwe nubunini bwa rotor, stator hamwe nudupapuro twanyuma birahambaye cyane, byerekana inzira itembera hejuru ya stator namenyo ya rotor mugihe bigabanya ubushake.Kuri ibi, icyuho cyumwuka cyangwa ikinyuranyo hagati ya rotor na stator bigomba kuba bike.Gitoya icyuho cyikirere, ntoya ibice byo gutunganya ikosa.Ibi bisa nkibyoroshye kubyumva, ariko niba kimwe cyangwa byombi bigize ibice bidahuje ibitekerezo, bikavamo icyuho cyikirere kidahwanye bizavamo imikorere idahuye.Mugihe kibi cyane, iyo habaye umubonano, moteri iba ntacyo imaze.
Inertia ya rotor igira ingaruka kumikorere rusange ya moteri yintambwe.Rotor nke ya inertia irashobora gusubiza byihuse kandi igaha abakoresha umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe numuriro mwinshi.Igishushanyo mbonera cyanyuma cyerekana ubwinshi bwimbere bwinjijwe muri rotor nini.Impera yanyuma ishinzwe guhuza neza rotor.Kudahuza birashobora kugira ingaruka nini kumiterere yibicuruzwa byanyuma, kandi kudahuza rotor bishobora gutera icyuho cyikirere kitaringaniye kandi biganisha kumikorere idahwitse.
Uku kwibanda kudahuye kwishyurwa no kongera ubunini bwikinyuranyo cyikirere hagati ya rotor na stator, bikagabanya amahirwe yo guhura kwabo.Ibi biremewe gusa gukuraho amakosa.Ubu buryo bubangamira cyane imikorere ya moteri yintambwe, kandi uko itandukaniro riri hagati yibice, niko imikorere izaba idahuye.Ndetse impinduka nto zirashobora kugira ingaruka nini kuri inertia, kurwanywa, inductance, imbaraga za torque zisohoka hamwe na resonance (vibration idashaka).Igishushanyo cya rotor ni urufunguzo rwo kongera imikorere ya moteri, rotor igomba kwerekana ubuso buhagije bwa magneti mugihe hasigaye urumuri rushoboka kugirango hagabanuke inertia ya rotor.
Stator irashobora guhuzwa ukurikije intego yanyuma yubushushanyo: ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, ubworoherane cyangwa ibisohoka hejuru yumuriro, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana inkingi zingana zishobora guhuza hagati yinkingi za stator.Na none, umubare wibiti mubisanzwe 8, 12 cyangwa 16 bifitanye isano nukuri hamwe numuriro wa moteri.Uruzitiro rugomba kuba rukomeye bihagije kugirango rushobore kwihanganira imitwaro ya torque hamwe nimbaraga za axial nta guhinduka cyangwa gutesha agaciro mugihe.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibyingenzi bigomba guhuza imikorere nigihe cyo kubaho kubicuruzwa byanyuma.Nkikintu kigena ubuzima bwa moteri, ubwikorezi bukunze kwambara cyane.
Ibindi bice byingenzi birimo imipira yanyuma, ifata ibyuma kandi igahuza neza hagati ya stator na rotor.Imyenda ubwayo nayo igomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwo kubungabunga no kwemeza kuramba kwa moteri.Buri nkingi mubyukuri ni electromagnet, ikenera guhinduranya buri pole ukoresheje insinga yo murwego rwohejuru iboneka.Guhindagurika muri diameter ya wire birashobora gutera ibibazo kuri buri pole ihindagurika, bizavamo kutagaragaza neza umuriro, kwiyongera kwa resonance cyangwa kunyeganyega, no gukemura nabi mubicuruzwa byanyuma.
mu gusoza
Nigute wahitamo abatanga ubuziranenge kandi bungutse-bisaba uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma hamwe nibikoresho byifashishwa mu gusesengura imibare kugirango tunoze ubushobozi bwo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa no guteza imbere inganda z’imodoka.Kugirango hamenyekane ubwiza bwa moteri, buri moteri irageragezwa mbere yo koherezwa kugirango yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byamashanyarazi (kurwanya, inductance, imiyoboro yameneka), ibisobanuro bya torque (gufata no guhagarika torque), ibisobanuro bya mashini (kwagura imitambiko yimbere nuburebure bwumubiri) nibindi ibintu bidasanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-02-2022