Kubana kw'abantu n'ibidukikije ndetse n'iterambere rirambye ry'ubukungu bw'isi bituma abantu bashishikarira gushaka uburyo bwo gutwara abantu bwangiza kandi bukoresha umutungo muke, kandi nta gushidikanya ko gukoresha imodoka z'amashanyarazi ari igisubizo cyiza.
Imodoka zamashanyarazi zigezweho nibicuruzwa byuzuye bihuza tekinoroji zitandukanye zikoranabuhanga nkamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kugenzura imashini, ubumenyi bwibikoresho, hamwe nubuhanga bwa shimi.Muri rusange imikorere yimikorere, ubukungu, nibindi bibanza biterwa na sisitemu ya bateri na sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri.Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri rusange igizwe nibice bine byingenzi, aribyo umugenzuzi.Guhindura imbaraga, moteri na sensor.Kugeza ubu, moteri ikoreshwa mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri rusange harimo moteri ya DC, moteri ya induction, moteri yanga guhinduranya, hamwe na moteri ihoraho itagira amashanyarazi.
1. Ibisabwa byibanze byimodoka zamashanyarazi kuri moteri yamashanyarazi
Imikorere yibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, bitandukanye nibikorwa rusange byinganda, biragoye cyane.Kubwibyo, ibisabwa kuri sisitemu yo gutwara ni byinshi cyane.
1.1 Moteri yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigomba kugira ibiranga imbaraga nini ako kanya, imbaraga ziremereye cyane, coefficient irenze 3 kugeza 4), imikorere yihuta nubuzima bwa serivisi ndende.
1.2 Moteri yimodoka yamashanyarazi igomba kuba ifite uburyo bunini bwo kugenzura umuvuduko, harimo umwanya uhoraho wumuriro hamwe nubutaka buhoraho.Mu gace gahoraho k'umuriro, hasabwa umuriro mwinshi iyo wiruka ku muvuduko muke kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byo gutangira no kuzamuka;mumwanya uhoraho w'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko mwinshi urasabwa mugihe umuriro muto usabwa kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byo gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi mumihanda igororotse.Saba.
1.3 Moteri yamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi igomba kuba ishobora kumenya feri ishya mugihe ikinyabiziga cyihuta, kugarura no kugarura ingufu muri bateri, kugirango ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite igipimo cyiza cyo gukoresha ingufu, kidashobora kugerwaho mumodoka ya moteri yaka imbere .
1.4 Moteri yamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi igomba kuba ifite imikorere myiza murwego rwose ikora, kugirango itezimbere ingendo yumuriro umwe.
Byongeye kandi, birasabwa kandi ko moteri yamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ifite ubwizerwe bwiza, irashobora gukora igihe kirekire mubidukikije bikaze, ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi ikwiriye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, ifite urusaku ruto mugihe ikora, byoroshye gukoresha no kubungabunga, kandi bihendutse.
Ubwoko 2 nuburyo bwo kugenzura moteri yamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
2.1 DC
Moteri Ibyiza byingenzi bya moteri ya DC yasunitswe ni kugenzura byoroshye hamwe nikoranabuhanga rikuze.Ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura butagereranywa na moteri ya AC.Mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi byateye imbere, moteri ya DC ikoreshwa cyane, ndetse nubu, ibinyabiziga bimwe byamashanyarazi biracyayoborwa na moteri ya DC.Ariko, kubera ko habaho guswera no gutwara imashini, ntibigabanya gusa kurushaho kunoza ubushobozi bwikinyabiziga kiremereye kandi byihuta, ahubwo bisaba no gufata neza no gusimbuza ibishishwa hamwe nabagenzi niba ikora igihe kirekire.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko igihombo kibaho kuri rotor, biragoye gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba bigabanya kurushaho kunoza moteri ya moteri na misa.Urebye inenge zavuzwe haruguru za moteri ya DC, moteri ya DC ntabwo ikoreshwa mubinyabiziga bishya byamashanyarazi.
2.2 AC moteri yo kwinjiza ibyiciro bitatu
2.2.1 Imikorere yibanze ya AC ibyiciro bitatu byimodoka
AC moteri yicyiciro cya gatatu ni moteri ikoreshwa cyane.Stator na rotor byometseho amabati ya silicon, kandi nta mpeta zinyerera, abagenzi nibindi bice bihura hagati yabyo.Imiterere yoroshye, imikorere yizewe kandi iramba.Amashanyarazi ya moteri ya AC induction ni yagutse cyane, kandi umuvuduko ugera 12000 ~ 15000r / min.Gukonjesha ikirere cyangwa gukonjesha amazi birashobora gukoreshwa, hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwo gukonjesha.Ifite imihindagurikire myiza y’ibidukikije kandi irashobora kumenya feri yibitekerezo bishya.Ugereranije nimbaraga imwe DC moteri, imikorere irarenze, ubwiza bugabanukaho hafi kimwe cya kabiri, igiciro kirahendutse, kandi kubungabunga biroroshye.
2.2.2 Sisitemu yo kugenzura
ya moteri ya AC induction Kuberako moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu yinduction idashobora gukoresha mu buryo butaziguye ingufu za DC zitangwa na bateri, kandi moteri ya AC yo mu byiciro bitatu ifite indangagaciro zidafite umurongo.Kubwibyo, mumodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ukoresheje moteri ya induction yibice bitatu, birakenewe gukoresha igikoresho cya semiconductor power muri inverter kugirango uhindure umuyagankuba uhinduranya umuyaga uhinduranya inshuro na amplitude bishobora guhinduka kugirango hamenyekane igenzura rya AC moteri y'ibyiciro bitatu.Hariho uburyo bwa v / f bwo kugenzura nuburyo bwo kunyerera bwo kugenzura.
Ukoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura inzitizi, inshuro zigenda zisimburana zumuvuduko woguhindura moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu byindobanure hamwe noguhindura itumanaho ryinjiza AC ibyiciro bitatu byinjira byinjira bigenzurwa, flux ya magnetique hamwe numuriro wumurongo wa magneti uzunguruka ya moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu iragenzurwa, kandi ihinduka rya moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu iragerwaho.Umuvuduko n’ibisohoka bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa biranga imihindagurikire yimitwaro, kandi birashobora kubona imikorere ihanitse, kuburyo moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu byinjira ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mumodoka yamashanyarazi.
2.2.3
AC moteri yicyiciro cya gatatu induction Imbaraga zikoresha moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu ni nini, kandi rotor iroroshye gushyuha.Birakenewe kwemeza ubukonje bwa moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu mugihe cyo gukora byihuse, bitabaye ibyo moteri ikangirika.Imbaraga zingufu za moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu induction iri hasi, kuburyo imbaraga zinjiza zo guhinduranya inshuro hamwe nigikoresho cyo guhindura voltage nacyo kiri hasi, bityo rero birakenewe ko ukoresha imbaraga nini nini yo guhinduranya hamwe nigikoresho cyo guhindura voltage.Igiciro cya sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu byindobanure irarenze cyane iy'imodoka ya AC ibyiciro bitatu byinjira ubwabyo, byongera igiciro cyimodoka yamashanyarazi.Mubyongeyeho, kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu nayo irakennye.
2.3 Imashini ihoraho itagira moteri ya DC
2.3.1 Imikorere yibanze ya moteri ihoraho ya brushless DC moteri
Imashini ihoraho itagira moteri ya DC ni moteri ikora cyane.Ikintu kinini kiranga ni uko ifite ibiranga hanze ya moteri ya DC idafite imiterere yo guhuza imashini igizwe na brusse.Mubyongeyeho, ifata rotor ya magnet ihoraho, kandi nta gihombo gishimishije: guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwa armature bishyirwa kuri stator yo hanze, byoroshye gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.Kubwibyo, moteri ihoraho ya moteri idafite amashanyarazi ya DC ntigira ingendo zo kugabanuka, nta radiyo yivanga, kuramba no gukora byizewe., kubungabunga byoroshye.Byongeye kandi, umuvuduko wacyo ntugarukira gusa ku kugabanura imashini, kandi niba ikoreshwa ryumuyaga cyangwa magnetiki ihagarikwa ikoreshwa, irashobora gukora impinduramatwara igera ku bihumbi magana kumunota.Ugereranije na sisitemu ya moteri ihoraho itagira amashanyarazi ya DC, ifite ingufu nyinshi kandi ikora neza, kandi ifite ibyifuzo byiza byo gukoresha mumashanyarazi.
2.3.2 Sisitemu yo kugenzura sisitemu ihoraho itagira amashanyarazi ya DC
ibisanzwe bihoraho magnet brushless DC moteri ni quasi-decoupling vector igenzura sisitemu.Kubera ko rukuruzi ihoraho ishobora kubyara gusa umurongo wa magnetiki uhamye, sisitemu ihoraho ya moteri idafite imbaraga ya DC ni ngombwa cyane.Irakwiriye kwiruka mukarere gahoraho, mubisanzwe ukoresheje igenzura rya hystereze cyangwa ibitekerezo byubwoko bwa SPWM kugirango urangize.Kugirango turusheho kwagura umuvuduko, moteri ihoraho itagira moteri ya DC irashobora kandi gukoresha umurima ugabanya imbaraga.Intangiriro yo kugabanya intege nke zumurima ni uguteza imbere icyiciro cya fonctionnement ya fonctionnement kugirango itange icyerekezo-axis demagnetisation ubushobozi bwo guca intege flux ihuza muri stator ihindagurika.
2.3.3
Imashini ihoraho ya Magnetiki Brushless DC Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC itagira ingaruka kandi ikagabanywa nigikorwa gihoraho cya magneti, ibyo bigatuma ingufu za moteri zihoraho za moteri ya DC idafite moteri ntoya, kandi imbaraga ntarengwa ni kilowati icumi gusa.Iyo ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho bikorerwa kunyeganyega, ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nuburemere burenze urugero, imbaraga za rukuruzi zayo zirashobora kugabanuka cyangwa kugabanuka, ibyo bikagabanya imikorere ya moteri ihoraho, ndetse bikangiza moteri mugihe gikomeye.Kurenza urugero ntibibaho.Muburyo buhoraho bwingufu, moteri ihoraho ya moteri idafite imbaraga ya DC iragoye gukora kandi isaba sisitemu igenzura igoye, ituma sisitemu yo gutwara moteri ihoraho ya moteri idafite amashanyarazi ya DC ihenze cyane.
2.4 Moteri yahinduwe
2.4.1 Imikorere yibanze ya moteri yahinduwe
Moteri yahinduwe yanga ni ubwoko bushya bwa moteri.Sisitemu ifite ibintu byinshi bigaragara: imiterere yayo iroroshye kurusha izindi moteri zose, kandi nta mpeta zinyerera, kuzunguruka na magnesi zihoraho kuri rotor ya moteri, ariko kuri stator gusa.Hano haribintu byoroshye byuzuzanya, impera zumuyaga ni ngufi, kandi nta gusimbuka intera, byoroshye kubungabunga no gusana.Kubwibyo, kwizerwa nibyiza, kandi umuvuduko urashobora kugera kuri 15000 r / min.Imikorere irashobora kugera kuri 85% kugeza kuri 93%, ikaba iruta iyo moteri ya AC induction.Igihombo ahanini kiri muri stator, kandi moteri iroroshye gukonja;rotor ni rukuruzi ihoraho, ifite umuvuduko mugari wo kugenzura no kugenzura byoroshye, byoroshye kugera kubisabwa bitandukanye byihariye biranga torque-yihuta, kandi bikomeza gukora neza murwego runini.Birakwiriye cyane kubikorwa byingufu zamashanyarazi yimodoka.
2.4.2 Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga byahinduwe
Moteri yahinduwe yanga ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwibiranga umurongo, kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gutwara iraruhije.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikubiyemo imbaraga zihindura imbaraga.
a.Ibyishimo bihindagurika bya moteri yahinduwe yanga ya moteri ihindura ingufu, ntakibazo cyimbere cyangwa icyerekezo cyinyuma, icyerekezo cya torque ntigihinduka, kandi igihe cyaragabanijwe.Buri cyiciro gikenera gusa umuyoboro wamashanyarazi ufite ubushobozi buke, kandi umuzenguruko wamashanyarazi uragereranijwe biroroshye, nta guhita unyura kunanirwa, kwizerwa kwiza, byoroshye gushyira mubikorwa byoroshye gutangira hamwe na bine ya kane ya sisitemu, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gufata feri; .Igiciro kiri munsi ya sisitemu yo kugenzura inverter ya moteri ya AC ibyiciro bitatu.
b.Umugenzuzi
Igenzura rigizwe na microprocessor, sisitemu ya logique ya sisitemu nibindi bice.Ukurikije itegeko ryinjijwe numushoferi, microprocessor isesengura kandi igatunganya umwanya wa rotor ya moteri yagaburiwe na detektori yumwanya hamwe na detector iriho icyarimwe, kandi igafata ibyemezo mukanya, ikanatanga urukurikirane rwamabwiriza yo kubahiriza kugenzura moteri yahinduwe.Hindura imikorere yimodoka yamashanyarazi mubihe bitandukanye.Imikorere ya mugenzuzi nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhinduka biterwa nubufatanye bwimikorere hagati ya software hamwe nibikoresho bya microprocessor.
c.Ikibanza
Moteri ihindagurika isaba ibyuma byerekana neza-neza kugirango itange sisitemu yo kugenzura hamwe nibimenyetso byimpinduka mumwanya, umuvuduko numuyoboro wa moteri ya moteri, kandi bisaba umwanya munini wo guhinduranya kugirango ugabanye urusaku rwa moteri yanga.
2.4.3
Sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri yahinduwe yanga ni ibintu bigoye cyane kuruta sisitemu yo kugenzura izindi moteri.Ikibanza cyerekana umwanya wingenzi wa moteri yahinduwe yanga, kandi imikorere yayo igira uruhare runini mugucunga imikorere ya moteri yanga.Kubera ko moteri yahinduwe idashaka ni imiterere yikubye kabiri, byanze bikunze habaho ihindagurika ryumuriro, kandi urusaku ningaruka nyamukuru ya moteri yahinduwe.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mumyaka yashize bwerekanye ko urusaku rwa moteri yahinduwe yanga rushobora guhagarikwa rwose hakoreshejwe igishushanyo mbonera, gukora no kugenzura ikoranabuhanga.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ihindagurika rinini rya moteri isohoka ya moteri yanze kandi ihindagurika ryinshi rya DC ya moteri ihindura amashanyarazi, hagomba gushyirwaho capacitor nini ya filteri muri bisi ya DC.Imodoka zafashe moteri zitandukanye zamashanyarazi mubihe bitandukanye byamateka, ukoresheje moteri ya DC hamwe nigikorwa cyiza cyo kugenzura nigiciro gito.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga rya moteri, tekinoroji yo gukora imashini, tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki nubuhanga bwo kugenzura byikora, moteri ya AC.Imashini zihoraho zitagira moteri ya DC na moteri yahinduwe yanga kwerekana imikorere isumba moteri ya DC, kandi moteri zigenda zisimbuza moteri ya DC mumodoka yamashanyarazi.Imbonerahamwe 1 igereranya imikorere yibanze ya moteri zitandukanye zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi agezweho.Kugeza ubu, ikiguzi cyo guhinduranya moteri igezweho, moteri ihoraho ya moteri, moteri yahinduwe yanga hamwe nibikoresho byabo byo kugenzura biracyari hejuru.Nyuma yumusaruro mwinshi, ibiciro byiyi moteri nibikoresho bigenzura ibice bizagabanuka vuba, bizuzuza ibisabwa byinyungu zubukungu kandi bigatuma igiciro cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kigabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2022