Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu birarenze cyangwa birahagije?

Hafi ya 90% yubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ni ubusa, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa ni miliyoni 130.Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu birarenze cyangwa birahagije?

Iriburiro: Kugeza ubu, ibigo by’imodoka birenga 15 byasobanuye ingengabihe yo guhagarika kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya lisansi.Ubushobozi bushya bw’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za BYD buzagurwa buva kuri miliyoni 1.1 bugere kuri miliyoni 4.05 mu myaka ibiri.Icyiciro cya mbere cyuruganda rwimodoka…

Ariko kandi, icyarimwe, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yasobanuye neza ko bidasaba ko nta bushobozi bushya bw’umusaruro bwakoreshwa mbere yuko ibinyabiziga bihari by’ingufu bigera ku gipimo cyiza.

Ku ruhande rumwe, abakora ibinyabiziga bya peteroli gakondo bakanze buto yihuta ya "lane change", kurundi ruhande, leta igenzura byimazeyo iyongerekana ryihuse ryubushobozi bwumusaruro.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guteza imbere inganda bwihishe inyuma y'ibintu bisa nkaho bivuguruzanya?

Haba hari ubushobozi burenze ibinyabiziga bishya?Niba aribyo, ni ubuhe bushobozi burenze?Niba hari ikibazo kibuze, ikinyuranyo cyubushobozi kingana iki?

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Hafi ya 90% yubushobozi bwo gukora ni ubusa

Nibyibandwaho nicyerekezo cyiterambere ryigihe kizaza, ni byanze bikunze ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byihuta byiterambere kandi bigasimburwa buhoro buhoro ibinyabiziga bya peteroli.

Hatewe inkunga na politiki n’ishyaka ry’ishoramari, urwego nyamukuru rw’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’igihugu cyanjye ryiyongereye vuba.Kugeza ubu, hari abakora ibinyabiziga barenga 40.000 (amakuru yo kugenzura ibigo).Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu nabwo bwagutse vuba.Mu mpera za 2021, ubushobozi buriho kandi buteganijwe bwo kongera umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga bishya bizaba hafi miliyoni 37.

Muri 2021, umusaruro wimodoka nshya zingufu mugihugu cyanjye uzaba miliyoni 3.545.Ukurikije iyi mibare, igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi ni 10% gusa.Ibi bivuze ko hafi 90% yubushobozi bwo gukora butagira akazi.

Urebye iterambere ryinganda, ubushobozi bwimodoka nshya zingufu zubatswe.Hariho intera nini mu mikoreshereze yubushobozi hagati yamasosiyete atandukanye yimodoka, yerekana inzira ya polarisiyasi yo gukoresha ubushobozi bwinshi hamwe no kugurisha byinshi no gukoresha ubushobozi buke hamwe no kugurisha bike.

Kurugero, kuyobora ibigo bishya byimodoka zingufu nka BYD, Wuling, na Xiaopeng bifite ikibazo cyo kubura isoko, mugihe ibigo bimwe byimodoka bifite intege nke bitanga umusaruro muke cyane cyangwa bitaragera kurwego rwo kubyara umusaruro.

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Impungenge zumutungo

Ibi ntabwo biganisha gusa ku kibazo cy’ubushobozi buke mu nganda nshya z’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu, ahubwo binatera gutakaza umutungo cyane.

Dufashe urugero rwa Zhidou Automobile, mugihe cyiza kuva 2015 kugeza 2017, isosiyete yimodoka yagiye itangaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora muri Ninghai, Lanzhou, Linyi, Nanjing nindi mijyi.Muri byo, Ninghai, Lanzhou na Nanjing gusa ni bo bateganyaga gukora imodoka 350.000 ku mwaka.Kurenga kugurisha kwayo kugurishwa kwumwaka hafi 300.000.

Kwiyongera kw'impumyi hamwe no kugabanuka gukabije kugurisha ntabwo byashyize ibigo mubibazo byimyenda gusa, ahubwo byanadindije imari yaho.Mbere, umutungo w’uruganda rwa Shandong Linyi rwa Zhidou Automobile wagurishijwe miliyoni 117, naho uwakiriye yari Biro y’imari yo mu Ntara ya Yinan, Linyi.

Iyi ni microcosm yishoramari ridasubirwaho mubikorwa bishya byimodoka.

Amakuru yemewe yaturutse mu Ntara ya Jiangsu yerekana ko kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2020, igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’ubushobozi bw’ibinyabiziga mu ntara cyaragabanutse kiva kuri 78% kigera kuri 33.03%, kandi impamvu nyamukuru yatumye igabanuka ry’imikoreshereze y’ubushobozi hafi kimwe cya kabiri ari uko imishinga mishya yatangijwe muri Jiangsu mu myaka yashize, harimo Salen, Byton, Bojun, n'ibindi ntabwo byateye imbere neza, bituma habaho igihombo gikomeye mubushobozi bwabo bwose.

Dufatiye ku nganda zose, ubushobozi buteganijwe gukorwa mu kongera ingufu z’imodoka nshya zarenze kure ubwinshi bw’isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi.

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Ikinyuranyo hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa kigera kuri miliyoni 130

Ariko mugihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu ntibiri kure bihagije.Nkurikije ibigereranyo, mu myaka icumi iri imbere, hazaba icyuho cya miliyoni 130 mu itangwa n’ibisabwa by’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye.

Dukurikije imibare iteganijwe y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bukungu bw’isoko ry’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’iterambere ry’Inama y’igihugu, mu 2030, umubare w’imodoka mu gihugu cyanjye uzaba hafi miliyoni 430.Nkurikije igipimo rusange cy’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zigera kuri 40% mu 2030, umubare w’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye uzagera kuri miliyoni 170 muri 2030. Mu mpera za 2021, ubushobozi buteganijwe bwo gukora ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye ni miliyoni 37.Nkurikije iyi mibare, mu 2030, imodoka zanjye nshya z’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye ziracyakeneye kongera umusaruro ugera kuri miliyoni 130.

Kugeza ubu, ipfunwe rihura n’iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’ingufu ni uko hari icyuho kinini mu bushobozi bwo gukora neza, ariko hari ikirenga kidasanzwe cy’ubushobozi buke kandi budakora neza.

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’inganda z’imodoka z’igihugu cyanjye, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yasabye kenshi uturere twose gukora iperereza ryimbitse ku bushobozi bw’imodoka nshya z’ingufu kandi bakangurira ubushobozi bw’imodoka nshya zifite ingufu.Vuba aha, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yasobanuye neza ko bidasaba ko nta bushobozi bushya bw’umusaruro bwakoreshwa mbere yuko ibinyabiziga bihari by’ingufu bigera ku gipimo cyiza.

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Imipaka yazamutse

Ibihe byubushobozi buke ntibigaragara gusa muruganda rushya rwimodoka.Inganda zikuze nka chip, Photovoltaque, ingufu z'umuyaga, ibyuma, inganda zikora amakara, nibindi byose bihura nikibazo cyubushobozi buke cyangwa buto.

Kubwibyo, muburyo bumwe, ubushobozi burenze urugero nabwo ni ikimenyetso cyo gukura kwinganda.Ibi bivuze kandi ko inzitizi yinjira mu nganda nshya z’ingufu zazamuwe, kandi ntabwo abakinnyi bose bashobora kubona umugabane wabyo.

Fata nk'urugero.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, “ibura rya chip” ryabaye inzitizi mu iterambere ry’inganda nyinshi.Ibura rya chipi ryihutishije ishyirwaho ryinganda za chip n'umuvuduko wo kongera umusaruro.Biyijugunye kandi, batangira buhumyi imishinga, kandi ibyago byo kubaka urwego rwo hasi byasubiwemo, ndetse no kubaka imishinga kugiti cyarahagaze kandi amahugurwa aragenzurwa, bivamo gutakaza umutungo.

Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yatanze amabwiriza y’inganda zikora chip, ishimangira serivisi n’ubuyobozi mu iyubakwa ry’imishinga minini y’umuzunguruko ihuriweho, iyobora kandi ihindura gahunda y’iterambere ry’inganda z’umuzunguruko zahujwe mu buryo butondetse, kandi ku buryo bukomeye; yakosoye akajagari k'imishinga ya chip.

Iyo usubije amaso inyuma ukareba inganda nshya z’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu, hamwe n’amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka gakondo ahinduranya ingendo kandi agateza imbere cyane ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, birateganijwe ko inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu zizahinduka buhoro buhoro ziva ku isoko ry’inyanja yubururu zijya ku isoko ritukura ry’inyanja itukura, kandi rishya inganda zitwara ingufu nazo zizahinduka ziva kumasoko yubururu bwubururu zihinduke isoko ryinyanja itukura.Impinduka nini kumajyambere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Muburyo bwo kuvugurura inganda, ayo masosiyete mashya yimodoka yingufu zifite ubushobozi buke bwiterambere hamwe nubushobozi buciriritse bizagorana kubaho.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-04-2022