Kuva kuri bateri ya BYD, kugeza kuri Honeycomb Energy ya bateri idafite cobalt, hanyuma ikagera kuri bateri ya sodium-ion yo mugihe cya CATL, inganda za batiri zifite imbaraga zo guhanga udushya.23 Nzeri 2020 - Umunsi wa Batiri ya Tesla, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Elon Musk yeretse isi bateri nshya - bateri 4680.
Mbere, ingano ya batiri ya lithium ya silindrike yari 18650 na 21700, naho 21700 yari ifite ingufu zingana na 50% kuruta 18650.Batare ya 4680 ifite inshuro eshanu ubushobozi bwa selile ya batiri 21700, kandi bateri nshya irashobora kugabanya igiciro kuri kilowatt-saha hafi 14% kandi ikongerera ingendo 16%.
Musk yavuze yeruye ko iyi bateri izatuma imodoka y’amashanyarazi $ 25.000 ishoboka.
None, iyi bateri iteye ubwoba yaturutse he?Ibikurikira, turabisesengura umwe umwe.
1. Batare 4680 ni iki?
Uburyo bwa Tesla bwo kwita bateri yamashanyarazi biroroshye cyane kandi byoroshye.Batare 4680, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni batiri ya silindrike ifite diameter imwe ya selile imwe ya 46mm n'uburebure bwa 80mm.
Ingano eshatu zitandukanye za bateri ya lithium-ion
Nkuko bigaragara kuri iyo shusho, ugereranije na Tesla yambere 18650 na batiri 21700, bateri 4680 isa numuntu muremure kandi ukomeye.
Ariko bateri 4680 ntabwo ihinduka gusa, Tesla yashyizemo tekinolojiya mishya mishya yo kunoza imikorere.
Icya kabiri, tekinoroji nshya ya bateri 4680
1. Igishushanyo mbonera cyamatwi
Ubushishozi, ibyiyumvo binini bya 4680 nuko binini.None se kuki abandi bakora ibicuruzwa batagize bateri nini mugihe cyashize.Ni ukubera ko uko ingano nini n’ingufu nyinshi, ubushyuhe buragoye kubigenzura kandi n’umutekano muke ukomoka ku gutwika no guturika.
Biragaragara ko Tesla yabitekerejeho.
Ugereranije na batiri yabanjirije silindrike, udushya twinshi twubatswe muri bateri ya 4680 ni amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi, azwi kandi nka lug yuzuye.Muri bateri gakondo ya silindrike, icyuma cyiza nicyiza cyumuringa hamwe na aluminium foil itandukanya irashyirwa hamwe.Kugirango ushushanye electrode, insinga yiswe yitwa tab irasudwa kugeza kumpande zombi zumuringa wumuringa hamwe na aluminiyumu.
Uburebure bwa bateri gakondo 1860 ni 800mm.Dufashe ifiriti y'umuringa hamwe nubushishozi bwiza nkurugero, uburebure bwibisate byo kuvana amashanyarazi mumuringa wumuringa ni 800mm, bihwanye numuyoboro unyura mumashanyarazi maremare 800mm.
Kubara, kurwanya ni nka 20mΩ, uburebure bwa batiri ya 2170 bugera kuri 1000mm, naho kurwanya ni 23mΩ.Birashobora guhindurwa byoroshye ko firime yubunini bumwe igomba guhindurwamo bateri 4680, naho uburebure bukaba bugera kuri 3800mm.
Hariho ibibi byinshi byo kongera uburebure.Electron ikeneye gukora urugendo rurerure kugirango igere kuri tabs kumpande zombi za bateri, guhangana biziyongera, kandi bateri izakunda gushyuha.Imikorere ya bateri izatesha agaciro ndetse itere ibibazo byumutekano.Kugirango ugabanye intera yagenze na electron, bateri 4680 ikoresha tekinoroji yamatwi idafite amashanyarazi.
Tab ya electrodeless idafite tabs, ariko ihindura icyegeranyo cyose kigezweho muri tab, inzira iyobora ntikigiterwa na tab, kandi ikigezweho cyimurwa kiva kumurongo wanyuma ugana kuri tab kugeza kuri plaque yegeranya kugeza igihe kirekire. umukoresha wa none.
Uburebure bwimyitwarire yose bwahindutse buva kuri 800 bugera kuri 1000mm ya 1860 cyangwa 2170 uburebure bwumuringa bugera kuri 80mm (uburebure bwa bateri).Kurwanya byagabanutse kugera kuri 2mΩ, naho gukoresha imbere imbere bigabanuka kuva kuri 2W kugeza kuri 0.2W, bigabanywa nuburyo bukurikiranye.
Igishushanyo kigabanya cyane inzitizi ya bateri kandi ikemura ikibazo cyo gushyushya bateri ya silindrique.
Ku ruhande rumwe, tekinoroji yamatwi ya electrodeless yongerera umwanya wogutwara, igabanya intera iriho, kandi igabanya cyane imbere imbere ya bateri;kugabanuka kwimbere imbere birashobora kugabanya ibintu bya offset bigezweho no kongera igihe cya bateri;kugabanya ubukana birashobora kandi kugabanya kubyara ubushyuhe, hamwe na electrode itwara amashanyarazi Ahantu heza ho guhurira hagati ya layer na capita ya bateri irashobora kugera ku 100%, ishobora kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Batare 4680 ikoresha ubwoko bushya bwikoranabuhanga rya gutwi rya electrodeless muburyo bwimiterere ya selile, bishobora kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere.Ku rundi ruhande, inzira yo gusudira ya tabs irekuwe, umusaruro uratera imbere, kandi igipimo cy’inenge cyatewe no gusudira gishobora kugabanuka icyarimwe.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya monopole nuburyo bwuzuye-pole
2. Hamwe na tekinoroji ya CTC
Muri rusange, uko ingano ya bateri nini, bateri nkeya igomba gushyirwaho mumodoka imwe.Hamwe na selile 18650, Tesla ikenera selile 7100.Niba ukoresha bateri 4680, ukeneye bateri 900 gusa.
Mugihe bateri nkeya, niko zishobora guterana byihuse, niko bigenda neza, amahirwe make yibibazo mumirongo mito, kandi bihendutse kubiciro.Nk’uko Tesla abitangaza ngo nini 4680 irashobora kugabanya igiciro cy'umusaruro wa bateri 14%.
Mu rwego rwo kunoza ingufu za paki ya batiri, bateri 4680 izahuzwa na tekinoroji ya CTC (Cell to Chassis).Nuguhuza selile ya bateri muri chassis.Mugukuraho burundu modules hamwe nudupaki twa batiri, selile za bateri ziba nyinshi, umubare wibice bya batiri uzagabanuka cyane, kandi imikoreshereze yumwanya wa chassis nayo izanozwa cyane.
CTC ifite ibyo isabwa ku mbaraga zubaka za bateri.Batare ubwayo igomba kwihanganira imbaraga nyinshi za mashini.Ugereranije na bateri ya 18650 na 2170, bateri imwe ya 4680 ifite imbaraga nini zubaka nimbaraga zo hejuru, kandi bateri rusange ya shell kare ni shell ya aluminium.Igikonoshwa 4680 gikozwe mubyuma bidafite ingese, kandi imbaraga zubatswe ziremewe.
Ugereranije na kare ya bateri ya shell, imiterere ya batiri ya silindrike izaba yoroshye, irashobora guhuza na chassis zitandukanye zitandukanye, kandi irashobora guhuzwa neza nurubuga.
Ukurikije ubushakashatsi n’urubanza rwa “EMF”, ikoranabuhanga rya CTC ni tuyere y’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu 2022, kandi ni n'akabuto mu muhanda.
Kwinjiza bateri mumubiri birashobora gutuma kubungabunga ibinyabiziga bigorana cyane, kandi bateri iragoye kuyisimbuza yigenga.Nyuma yo kugurisha ibiciro bya serivisi biziyongera, kandi ibiciro bizahita bihabwa abaguzi, nkibiciro byubwishingizi.Nubwo Musk avuga ko bakoze gare yo gusana ishobora gutemwa no gusimburwa, bizatwara igihe cyo kureba uko bizagenda neza.
Amasosiyete menshi yimodoka yatanze ibyifuzo bya tekinike ya CTC, kuko ntabwo yongeye guhindura bateri gusa, ahubwo igomba no guhindura imiterere yumubiri.Ibi bifitanye isano no kongera kugabana imirimo murwego rwo gutanga inganda zijyanye.
CTC ni inzira ya tekiniki gusa.Numubiri wa bateri wahujwe, gusenya bidahindutse.Hariho ubundi buhanga hakurya yacyo - guhinduranya bateri.Tekinoroji yo guhinduranya bateri iroroshye kuyisenya, ariko bateri itanga umusanzu ukomeye mumbaraga za bateri.Nigute ushobora guhitamo izi nzira zombi ni umukino hagati yabatanga bateri na OEM.
Ikoranabuhanga rya CTC rifatanije na bateri 4680
3. Guhanga udushya mubikorwa byo gukora bateri, cathode nibikoresho bya anode
Tesla izakoresha amashanyarazi yumye ya electrode yumye, aho gukoresha umusemburo, umubare muto (hafi 5-8%) wifu ya poro nziza ya PTFE ivanze nifu ya positif nziza / mbi ya electrode, unyuze muri extruder kugirango ube umurongo muto wa ibikoresho bya electrode, hanyuma umurongo wibikoresho bya electrode washyizwe kumurongo wicyuma cyegeranya icyuma kugirango electrode irangire.
Batare yakozwe muri ubu buryo irangiza ibidukikije.Kandi iyi nzira izongera ingufu za bateri kandi igabanye ingufu zumusaruro inshuro 10.Ikoranabuhanga ryumye rya electrode rishobora kuba igipimo cyikoranabuhanga kubisekuruza bizaza.
Tesla 4680 bateri yumye tekinoroji ya electrode
Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bya cathode, Tesla yavuze ko bizanakuraho ibintu bya cobalt muri cathode.Cobalt ihenze kandi ni gake.Irashobora gucukurwa gusa mu bihugu bike cyane ku isi, cyangwa mu bihugu bya Afurika bitajegajega nka Kongo.Niba bateri ishobora rwose gukuraho ikintu cya cobalt, birashobora kuvugwa ko ari udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga.
Cobalt
Kubijyanye nibikoresho bya anode, Tesla izatangirana nibikoresho bya silicon kandi ikoreshe silikoni nyinshi kugirango isimbuze grafite ikoreshwa ubu.Ubushobozi bwihariye bwa electrode mbi ya silicon ishingiye kuri 4200mAh / g, ikubye inshuro icumi ugereranije na grafite ya electrode mbi.Nyamara, amashanyarazi mabi ashingiye kuri silikoni nayo afite ibibazo nko kwaguka kwinshi kwa silikoni, kutagira amashanyarazi mabi, no gutakaza amafaranga menshi yo gutangira.
Kubwibyo, kunoza imikorere yibikoresho mubyukuri ni ugushaka kuringaniza hagati yubucucike bwingufu no gutuza, hamwe nibicuruzwa bya silicon bishingiye kuri anode bigizwe na silicon na grafite kugirango bikoreshwe hamwe.
Tesla irateganya guhindura byimazeyo imikorere yubuso bwa silicon kugirango idakunda kumeneka, ikoranabuhanga ritemerera gusa bateri kwaka vuba, ariko kandi ryongera ubuzima bwa bateri 20%.Tesla yise ibikoresho bishya “Tesla Silicon”, kandi igiciro ni $ 1.2 / KWh, ni kimwe cya cumi gusa muri gahunda ya silicon yubatswe.
Anode ishingiye kuri silicon ifatwa nkibisekuru bizaza bya litiro ya batiri ya anode.
Moderi nkeya kumasoko yatangiye gukoresha ibikoresho bya anode bishingiye kuri silicon.Moderi nka Tesla Model 3 yamaze gushyiramo silikoni nkeya muri electrode mbi.Vuba aha, moderi ya GAC AION LX Plus yashyizwe ahagaragara.Verisiyo ya Qianli ifite ibikoresho bya tekinoroji ya sponge silicon anode chip, ishobora kugera kuri kilometero 1.000 yubuzima bwa bateri.
4680 bateri ya silicon anode
Kugirango tuvuge ibyiza bya tekinoroji ya batiri 4680 nuko ishobora kunoza imikorere mugihe igabanya ibiciro.
3. Ingaruka zigera kure za bateri 4680
Batare ya 4680 ntabwo ari impinduramatwara yikoranabuhanga, ntabwo ari intambwe mu bucucike bwingufu, ahubwo ni udushya twinshi mubikorwa byikoranabuhanga.
Nyamara, itwarwa na Tesla, kubijyanye nuburyo bugezweho bwisoko rishya ryingufu, umusaruro wa bateri 4680 uzahindura uburyo bwa batiri busanzwe.Inganda byanze bikunze zizashiraho umurongo wa bateri nini nini ya silindrike.
Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, Panasonic irateganya gutangira kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za bateri nini 4680 za Tesla mu ntangiriro za 2023.Ishoramari rishya rizagera kuri miliyari 80 yen (hafi miliyoni 704 US $).Samsung SDI na LG Energy nazo zinjiye mu iterambere rya bateri 4680.
Imbere mu gihugu, Yiwei Lithium Energy yatangaje ko ishami ryayo Yiwei Power riteganya kubaka umurongo wa 20GWh nini wa batiri ya silindrike ikora ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi muri Zingmen y’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye.BAK Bateri na Honeycomb Ingufu nazo zizinjira mumurima wa bateri nini ya silindrike.BMW na CATL nazo zirimo gukoresha cyane bateri nini ya silindrike, kandi uburyo bwibanze bwaragenwe.
Amashanyarazi ya Batiri ya Cylindrical
Icya kane, ingufu za electromotive zifite icyo zivuga
Ivugurura ryimiterere ya bateri nini ya silindrike ntagushidikanya ko rizamura iterambere ryinganda zamashanyarazi.Ntabwo byoroshye nko kuzamura gusa kuva muri bateri ya 5 kugeza kuri bateri ya 1.Umubiri wacyo ufite ibinure ufite ibibazo bikomeye.
Igiciro cya bateri kiri hafi 40% yikiguzi cyimodoka yose.Akamaro ka bateri nk "umutima" irigaragaza.Nyamara, hamwe n’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, gukenera bateri biriyongera umunsi ku munsi, kandi igiciro cyibikoresho kirazamuka.Guhanga udushya twa bateri byabaye inzira yingenzi kubigo byimodoka gutera imbere.
Hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ijyanye na bateri, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bihendutse biri hafi cyane!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-13-2022