Iriburiro:Noneho amahirwe kumasosiyete yimodoka ya chip yimodoka aragaragara cyane.Mu gihe inganda z’imodoka zihindura inzira ziva mu binyabiziga zikomoka kuri lisansi zikagera ku masoko mashya y’ingufu, igihugu cyanjye kimaze kugera ku mfuruka mu rwego rw’ingufu nshya kandi kiri ku isonga mu nganda.Igice cya kabiri cyubwenge, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zifata ubutumburuke bwisi yose.Urebye uburyo bwa chip yimodoka ku isi, Amerika nimbaraga zikomeye.Hamwe no gusubiramo inganda, akamaro ko kubara-gukora cyane mugihe kizaza cyubwenge bwimodoka irigaragaza.NVIDIA, Qualcomm nibindi binini bya chip mumirima idafite imodoka Bose barinjiye.
Mugihe kizaza, ntihashobora kubaho oligopoly imwe gusamu rwego rwa chipi yimodoka,Ubushinwa buteza imbere cyane iterambere rya chip.Kubijyanye numutekano wamakuru, chip zo murugo zifite ibyiza byinshi.Muri icyo gihe, amasosiyete yimodoka nayo azakenera amasoko yo mu karere, kandi amasosiyete yo mu gihugu byanze bikunze azatera imbere byihuse kandi buhoro buhoro.Niba izamuka ryihuse ryimodoka nshya zingufubyitwa "guhindura inzira no kurenga", noneho gukura no guhindagurika kwa chipi zo murugo birashobora gusobanurwa nk "gutera imbere kandi byoroshye kumpera".Gusimburana mu gihugu byateye imbere neza mu myaka ibiri ishize.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, mu bihe by’inganda bisa neza, amasosiyete menshi ya chip yaboneyeho umwanya wo kwinjira mu nganda z’imodoka.
Bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo n’umubano mpuzamahanga, umubano mpuzamahanga wo gutanga ibicuruzwa biva mu modoka n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byagize ingaruka cyane, kandi kutagira urwego rw’inganda zigenga kandi zishobora kugenzurwa n’intandaro y’ibibazo by’umutekano biriho mu gihugu cyanjye. Uruganda rukora inganda, rugaragarira cyane cyane kubura ibigo byibanze bikoresha chip, kubura ubushobozi bwambere bwo guhanga udushya munganda zikora amamodoka, no kubura sisitemu isanzwe ijyanye na chip hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura.Urebye uko ibintu bimeze ubu, imashini zikoresha imodoka ziragoye gukora kuruta imashini zigendanwa.Kuri iki cyiciro, ahanini bashingira kubitumizwa hanze.Icyakora, ibihugu by'amahanga nabyo birahagarika ibicuruzwa.Niba ubushakashatsi niterambere byigenga bireba, nta myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu izaba ihagije.Hamwe n’ibikenewe byiyongera, byemezwa ko inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zizazamuka mu bihe biri imbere.
Hamwe nihuta ryamashanyarazi, imiyoboro nubwenge, urwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga rwarushijeho kuba rutigeze rubaho, kandi ikoreshwa rya chip ryiyongereye vuba.Kera cyane, ibikoresho byari mumodoka byose byari imashini;hamwe niterambere ryinganda za elegitoroniki, sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo kugenzura imodoka zatangiye guhinduka ziva mumashini zijya muri electronics.Kugeza ubu, imashini zikoresha zikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi nka sisitemu yingufu, umubiri, cockpit, chassis numutekano.Itandukaniro riri hagati yimodoka zikoresha mudasobwa hamwe na mudasobwa hamwe nu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikoresha ni uko imashini zikoresha imodoka zidakunze kugaragara zonyine, zinjijwe mu bice byingenzi bikora, kandi ni byo shingiro muri byinshi.
Muri raporo za buri munsi kuri moteri yimodoka nibice byimodoka, hashobora kubaho kutumva neza chip.Kugeza ubu, abakora chip yimodoka bavuye mubisaranganya bajya kwibanda, kandi batangira kubyara umusaruro.Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zimodoka, icyifuzo cyimodoka zizakomeza kwiyongera.Inganda zikoresha amamodoka mu Bushinwa zibanda cyane muri Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing na Jiangsu.Ibicuruzwa bya chip ahanini ni chip ya AI hamwe na chip yo kubara.Inganda zo hejuru za chipi cyane cyane wafer ya silicon, Semiconductoribikoresho, gushushanya chip no gupakira no kugerageza.Inzego za Leta, inganda n’inganda zatangiye gushaka uburyo bwo guca ibintu binyuze mu gushyiraho politiki, imishinga ihuriweho n’ubufatanye, n’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere bishya.
Urebye uko inganda zigihugu zifashe muri iki gihe, guhindura ubwenge mu modoka byazanye amahirwe mashya y’iterambere mu nzego zose zo mu ruganda.Kuva kuri chip kugeza kuri sisitemu y'imikorere, kuri software, kuri porogaramu hamwe nuruhererekane rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze, inganda z’imodoka zirazigama cyane kandi ntizishaka gukoresha ibicuruzwa bishya bitanga isoko, kandi hamwe n’ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa, abakora mu gihugu batangiye kwakira abatanga isoko, ariko iki gihe idirishya ntirirekuye, kandi 2025 izahinduka urufunguzo rwamazi.Amakuru ni "maraso" yigihe kizaza cyimodoka zifite ubwenge.Icyerekezo cyubwihindurize bwububiko bwa elegitoroniki nu mashanyarazi nugukora ibishoboka byose kugirango umuvuduko wihuse wamakuru menshi cyane, bityo ushyigikire ibikorwa byashyizwe kuriwo.Ibi birimo gutunganya amakuru, bisaba imbaraga zikomeye zo kubara kugirango zishyigikire ubwihindurize bwububiko bwamashanyarazi na elegitoroniki.
Gushyigikirwa na politiki yigihugu, chipi yimodoka ni semiconductor, nibikoresho bigezweho bigezweho nka terefone igendanwa na mudasobwa bigomba gukoresha ibyuma byifashisha.Niyo mpamvu, inzego zibishinzwe zita cyane ku iterambere ry’inganda kandi zatangije politiki y’inganda na gahunda z’iterambere inshuro nyinshi.Itangizwa ry’iyi gahunda rikemura ibibazo by’amafaranga by’inganda nto, bituma isoko ry’imodoka ritera imbere, kandi icyarimwe rikazamura ubushobozi bwo guhanga imishinga, yagize uruhare rutazibagirana mu kuzamura imiterere y’inganda.Hatewe inkunga na politiki, amasosiyete menshi agenda arushaho gukomera no gukomera, kandi isoko ku isoko ry’imodoka rikomeje kwiyongera.Mu bihe biri imbere, inganda zikomeye zo mu gihugu ziteganijwe gukoresha imashini zikoresha imodoka ku rugero runini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2022