Biden yibeshye ikamyo ya gaze kuri tram: kugenzura urunigi rwa batiri

Perezida wa Amerika, Joe Biden, aherutse kwitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’imodoka yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru i Detroit.Biden wiyita “Automobile”, yanditse kuri Twitter agira ati: “Uyu munsi nasuye Detroit Auto Show mbona imodoka z'amashanyarazi n'amaso yanjye bwite, kandi izo modoka z'amashanyarazi zimpa impamvu nyinshi zo kwiringira ejo hazaza.”Ariko biteye isoni, Biden Nafashe ifoto yanjye n'imodoka ya lisansi - imodoka ni 2023 Chevrolet Corvette (ibipimo | iperereza) Z06.

imodoka murugo

Nubwo ibi byakuruye urwenya ku rubuga rwa interineti ndetse n’ishyaka rya repubulika, hagomba kuvugwa ko kuva Biden yatangira imirimo, politiki y’inkunga y’Amerika ijyanye n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zahoraga zishyashya.Biden yiyemeje mu imurikagurisha ry’imodoka rya Detroit gutanga amamiliyaridi y’amadolari y’inguzanyo, inganda n’imisoro ku baguzi ndetse n’inkunga kugira ngo byihute kuva mu binyabiziga bikoresha moteri y’imbere bikagera ku binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi.

Muri icyo gihe kandi, yagaragaje kandi bimwe mu bimaze kugerwaho n’amategeko mu mategeko, rimwe muri ryo rikaba ari itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ry’ifaranga, rivuga ko Amerika itazatanga inkunga ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu zikoreshwa mu ipaki ya batiri n’ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu bihugu byoroshye.

Mubyukuri, Biden yerekeje urutoki kuri bateri z'amashanyarazi umwaka ushize: “Ubushinwa bukora 80% bya batiri z'amashanyarazi ku isi.Ntibikorerwa mu Bushinwa gusa, ahubwo bikozwe no mu Budage na Mexico, hanyuma byoherezwa ku isi. ”Biden abonye ko Ubushinwa buri mu nganda za batiri Hamwe n’izamuka ry’urunigi, Biden yashinze FLAG, ati: "Ubushinwa ntibushobora gutsinda!Kubera ko tutazobemerera gutsinda. ”

Ku buyobozi bwa Biden, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi muri Amerika rizafungurwa neza nk’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi.Muri icyo gihe, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zifuza kugirana umubano muto n’Ubushinwa, zishimangira kugenzura urwego rwose rw’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’ingufu.

Uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rushobora rwose "decouple"?

Biden aherutse gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko rigenga “Inflation Reduction Act”, rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku masosiyete yo mu Bushinwa ashyiraho ingufu za batiri z’amashanyarazi ku nkunga z’imodoka zifite ingufu zisukuye, nazo zifatwa n’inganda nk '“decoupling” y’inganda z’amashanyarazi muri Amerika .

Uyu mushinga w'itegeko urasaba gukomeza gutanga inguzanyo y'amadorari 7.500 ku modoka nshya, kuvanaho amafaranga 200.000 y'ingoboka y'imodoka ku masosiyete y'imodoka, ariko akongeramo icyifuzo cya “Made in America”.Ni ukuvuga ko ibinyabiziga bigomba gukusanyirizwa muri Amerika, igice kinini cyibikoresho byamashanyarazi bikorerwa muri Amerika ya ruguru, kandi igice kinini cy’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibanze bikorerwa muri Amerika cyangwa n’abafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi bo muri Amerika ku buntu, hamwe na batiri y’amashanyarazi. ibice hamwe nibikoresho byingenzi byamabuye y'agaciro ntibigomba kuva mubintu byamahanga byunvikana.

imodoka murugo

Perezida w'ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku binyabiziga (CAR), Carla Bailo, yagize ati:

Ibi ntabwo ari ukuri.Bitewe n'imbogamizi z'umutungo bwite no kurengera ibidukikije, iterambere no gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bya batiri muri Amerika byatinze cyane.

Mubikoresho fatizo bya bateri yumuriro, ibyingenzi ni nikel, cobalt, na lithium.Ibikoresho bya lithium ku isi bikwirakwizwa cyane muri “lithium triangle” yo muri Amerika y'Epfo, aribyo Arijantine, Chili na Boliviya;umutungo wa nikel wibanda cyane muri Indoneziya na Philippines;umutungo wa cobalt ukwirakwizwa cyane mubihugu nka Congo (DRC) muri Afrika.Inganda zitunganya amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa, Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo.

”Uyu mushinga w'itegeko uzatuma amasosiyete mashya y’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zishakisha amahirwe menshi yo kubona ibikoresho biva muri Amerika cyangwa mu bihugu bifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bya batiri ku isi.Ihererekanyabubasha ry’ibicuruzwa rishobora kongera igiciro cy’ibikoresho bya batiri. ”Ibipimo bya Fitch Amerika y'Amajyaruguru Stephen Brown, umuyobozi mukuru w’ibipimo by’amasosiyete, yagize icyo abivugaho.

imodoka murugo

John Bozzella, perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe guhanga udushya muri Amerika, yavuze yeruye ko hafi 70% y’imodoka 72 z’amashanyarazi hamwe n’imashini zicomeka kuri ubu ku isoko ry’Amerika zitazongera kwemererwa.Nyuma y'itariki ya 1 Mutarama 2023, igipimo ntarengwa cya 40% by'ibikoresho fatizo na 50% by'ibikoresho bya batiri bizashyirwa mu bikorwa, kandi nta cyitegererezo kizemererwa inkunga zose.Ibi bizagira ingaruka ku ntego z’Amerika zo kugera kuri 40% -50% yo kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bitarenze 2030.

Li Qian, umunyamabanga w'inama y'ubutegetsi ya BYD, na we yasubije “decoupling” y'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi muri Amerika.Yavuze mu ruziga rwa WeChat: Ntabwo mbona, inganda z’amashanyarazi zishobora gucibwa gute?Mu nganda z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, Amerika iracyari mu ntangiriro kandi yishingikiriza ku kongera inkunga yo kuyishyigikira, mu gihe Ubushinwa bwahindutse rwose buva kuri politiki bushingiye ku isoko.

Mubyukuri, hari ibihugu bimaze gufata ingamba imbere yacu kandi bitonganya Amerika.Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru byo muri Koreya y'Epfo bibitangaza, nyuma yuko Amerika imaze gushyira ahagaragara “Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ry'ibiciro”, guverinoma ya Koreya y'Epfo ntiyigeze yemera isosiyete yo muri Koreya y'Epfo L&F ikora ibikoresho bya batiri y'amashanyarazi, kubaka uruganda muri Amerika.

Impamvu yatanzwe na Minisiteri y’inganda muri Koreya ni uko ibikoresho, inzira n’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro bijyanye na bateri zishobora kwishyurwa ari tekinoroji igezweho igena ishingiro ryo guhangana n’inganda za batiri.Niba ubwo buhanga bugenda mu mahanga, bizagira ingaruka mbi ku nganda za Koreya yepfo n'umutekano w'igihugu.

Dufatiye ku buryo bufatika, nubwo bateri zo mu Bushinwa zidakoreshwa, Amerika izakomeza kwishingikiriza ku batanga batiri ya Koreya mu gihe gito.Muri byo, Ford na SKI bahujwe cyane kandi barateganya kubaka inganda eshatu zidasanzwe hamwe na 130GWh;GM izubaka umushinga uhuriweho na LG New Energy.;Stellantis, LG Ingufu Nshya na Samsung SDI bifite bateri yumuriro.

imodoka murugo

“Ihuriro rusange ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ryakoresheje ingufu za LG nshya”

Nubwo politiki nshya y’ingufu zijyanye n’ingufu muri "Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga" ridakomeye cyane kuruta uko byari byitezwe ku isoko, politiki ntishyiraho urugero ntarengwa ku gipimo cy’inkunga kandi ikubiyemo neza imyaka icumi iri imbere, ikaba ifite igihe kirekire cyane.

Nyamara, Auto Innovation Alliance, ihuriro rikomeye ry’amasosiyete y’imodoka yo muri Amerika, yizera ko ukurikije umushinga w’itegeko, niba amasosiyete y’imodoka yo muri Amerika ashaka kubona inkunga z’igice, bizatwara nibura imyaka ine kugira ngo uhindure urwego rutangwa.Niba bashaka kuzuza byimazeyo inzitizi ebyiri zibikoresho fatizo nibikorwa byo gukora, Kugirango uhabwe inkunga yuzuye, ugomba gutegereza byibuze 2027 cyangwa 2028.

Twabibutsa ko kuri ubu, Tesla na GM batakishimira inkunga y’amafaranga 7.500 ku igare na gato, ariko barashobora no kungukirwa baramutse bujuje ibisabwa nyuma.Tesla yatangaje ko ihagaritse gahunda yo gukora bateri mu Budage kugira ngo yemererwe kubona inguzanyo z’imisoro muri Amerika.Kuri ubu, baraganira ku kohereza ibikoresho byo gukora muri Amerika.

Amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa agira igihombo kinini?

Tesla, yahoze ari umuyobozi, ntakiri uruganda rukora amashanyarazi manini ku isi.Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, BYD yagurishije imodoka z'amashanyarazi 640.000, mu gihe Tesla yari iya mbere, yagurishije 564.000 gusa, iza ku mwanya wa kabiri.

Mubyukuri, Musk yasebeje BYD inshuro nyinshi, ndetse anatera mu buryo butaziguye mu kiganiro, ati: "BYD ni isosiyete idafite ikoranabuhanga, kandi igiciro cy’imodoka kiri hejuru cyane ku bicuruzwa."Ariko ibi ntibyabujije Tesla na BYD kuba inshuti..Batteri ya blade yatanzwe na BYD yagejejwe ku ruganda rwa Tesla i Berlin, mu Budage, nk'uko abantu benshi bamenyereye iki kibazo babitangaza.

imodoka murugo

Birashobora kugaragara ko nta mwanya wuzuye, inyungu zidashira, kandi ingufu nshya zUbushinwa na Amerika zimaze guhuzwa.

Nyuma y’iterambere ryihuse, isoko ry’imodoka nshya y’Ubushinwa ryagize ihuriro ry’inganda zuzuye ku isi.Kugirango dushimangire uburenganzira bwo kuvuga murwego rwinganda, abakora bateri bahagarariwe na CATL nabo bazagerageza uko bashoboye kugirango bagure amahema yabo murwego rwo hejuru rwinganda.Amasosiyete menshi yo mu Bushinwa nayo agira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ibirombe byo mu mahanga binyuze mu kwitabira uburinganire, kwandika, no kwikorera.Litiyumu ya Ganfeng na Tianqi Lithium ni uruganda ruteza imbere ibirombe byinshi bya lithium mu mahanga.

Birashobora kuvugwa ko muri bateri yumuriro wisi yose TOP10, amasosiyete 6 yubushinwa, amasosiyete 3 yo muri koreya, hamwe nisosiyete 1 yabayapani byabaye ihame.Nk’uko imibare ya SNE iheruka kubigaragaza, amasosiyete atandatu yo mu Bushinwa afite isoko rusange rya 56%, muri yo CATL yongereye isoko ku isoko kuva kuri 28% igera kuri 34%.

Ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu, uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa rwarangije gutera intambwe ishimishije kuva hejuru kugeza hasi-hejuru y’amabuye y'agaciro yubutaka, ubutare hagati y’amashanyarazi bugera ikirenge mucya, kandi ibicuruzwa by’imodoka bimanuka bikura ahantu hose.

Kandi Biden yiyemeje "gukuramo cyane" muri "bateri" ku isi.Nk’uko abantu bamenyereye iki kibazo babitangaza, CATL yafashe icyemezo cyo gutinza gutangaza uruganda rwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru kubera amakimbirane ashingiye ku muvugizi w’Amerika.Biravugwa ko uruganda rwateganyaga gushora miliyari y'amadorari yo gutanga imodoka za Tesla na Ford.

Mbere, Zeng Yuqun, umuyobozi wa CATL, na we yabisobanuye neza ati: “Tugomba kujya ku isoko ryo muri Amerika!”Ariko ubu CATL yashoye miliyari 7.34 z'amayero ku isoko rya Hongiriya.

imodoka murugo

Ahari, ibigo byinshi kandi byinshi bizahagarika gahunda zabyo zo kwinjira ku isoko ry’Amerika cyangwa kubaka inganda muri Amerika.Ubusanzwe, byari bigoye cyane amasosiyete yimodoka yo mubushinwa kohereza muri Amerika.Usibye kwivanga muri politiki, Amerika ifite kandi amategeko akomeye cyane, kandi amasosiyete y'imodoka yo mu Bushinwa akunze kubuzwa.Kuva mu 2005, ibirango bitandatu by'Abashinwa byagerageje birananirana.

Umusesenguzi w’inganda z’imodoka yemeza ko itangazwa ry’itegeko ryerekeye kugabanya ifaranga ry’ifaranga muri Amerika rizatera ahanini igihombo gito ku masosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa, kubera ko amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa atarashora imari mu nganda nini muri Amerika, ndetse n’isoko ryabo. umugabane muri Amerika ni hafi zeru..Kubera ko nta bucuruzi na busa, igisubizo kibi cyane ni uko kitazashobora kwinjira ku isoko ry’Amerika.

"Kugeza ubu, igihombo kinini gishobora kuba ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko amasosiyete akoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa arashobora kwishingikiriza ku isoko ry’iburayi kugira ngo ayishyure, kandi ubukungu bwiyongera mu bipimo bushobora no kuzana inyungu z’ibiciro ku masosiyete akoresha batiri mu Bushinwa."Umuntu wavuzwe haruguru yavuze.

Amerika irashobora kugarura "imyaka ine yatakaye"?

Kuva Trump yatangira imirimo, imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Abanyamerika zahuye n’imyaka ine yatakaye, hafi yo guhagarara ku rwego rwa politiki y’igihugu, kandi zasizwe inyuma cyane n’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi.

Umwaka wose wa 2020, kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri Amerika ntibiri munsi ya 350.000, mugihe imibare mubushinwa nu Burayi ari miliyoni 1.24 na miliyoni 1.36.

Ntibyoroshye kuri Biden kongera ibyifuzo byabaguzi yongera inkunga, kuko imipaka yashyizweho n’Amerika iragoye cyane, ku buryo bigora ibigo by’imodoka n’abaguzi kubona amafaranga nyayo.

Mbere, imishinga ibiri yo gukangura yatanzwe na Biden nayo yagize ibibazo.Igihe Biden yageraga ku butegetsi bwa mbere, yajugunye “ibisasu by’umwami” umwe umwe umwe umwe: umwe yagombaga guha inganda z’amashanyarazi politiki yo gukangurira miliyari 174 z'amadolari yo gutera inkunga ibyo kurya no kubaka ibirundo byo kwishyuza, n'ibindi.;ikindi cyari ukugarura ubuyobozi bwa Trump.Inkunga nshya yo kugura ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu zahagaritswe muri icyo gihe, kandi umubare ntarengwa w’amafaranga y’amagare wahinduwe ugera ku madolari 12.500 y’Amerika.

imodoka murugo

Bitandukanye n’ibindi bihugu, guhitamo peteroli cyangwa ingufu nshya muri Amerika ntabwo ari ikibazo cyinzira mu nganda, ahubwo ni ikirere kijyanye na politiki.

Kurugero, hari ukuvuguruzanya kuberako inganda za peteroli zo muri Amerika zifite politiki nyinshi zingoboka zidasobanutse, izisanzwe muri zo ni igipimo gito cy'umusoro kuri lisansi.Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu gihugu cyakoze iperereza ku kigereranyo cy’imisoro ya lisansi n’igiciro cya nyuma cyo kugurisha, isanga Amerika ari 11%, mu gihe Ubushinwa ari 30%, Ubuyapani ni 39%, naho Ubudage bugera kuri 57%.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, inkunga ingana na miliyari 174 yagabanutse cyane bitewe n’uko ishyaka rya Repubulika ryabujije inshuro nyinshi, kandi inkunga 12.500 nayo yashyizeho urwego: $ 4.500 ni iy'imodoka z’imodoka “zunze ubumwe” gusa - GM, Ford na Stellantis, Tesla n’andi masosiyete y’imodoka. ahagarara ku muryango.

Mubyukuri, usibye Tesla, imaze gufata hafi 60% -80% yisoko ry’amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika, amasosiyete atatu akomeye yo muri Amerika yo mu gihugu afite umutwaro uremereye, utinda guhinduka, no kubura ibicuruzwa biturika bishobora gukubitwa .Imikorere yamye ari ikibuno kinini.

imodoka murugo

Nk’uko imibare ya ICCT ibigaragaza, mu 2020 hazashyirwaho moderi nshya 59 z’ingufu zigurishwa ku isoko ry’Amerika, mu gihe Ubushinwa n’Uburayi bitanga urugero 300 na 180 mu gihe kimwe.

Ku bijyanye n’imibare yagurishijwe, nubwo kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi muri Amerika byikubye kabiri bikagera kuri 630.000 mu 2021, ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa byikubye hafi gatatu bigera kuri miliyoni 3.3, bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’isi yose;Igurisha ryazamutseho 65% rigera kuri miliyoni 2.3.

Mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, mu rwego rwo guhamagarira Biden gusaba izamuka ry’ibiciro bya peteroli, igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu muri Amerika ryiyongereyeho 52% gusa.%.

Abasesenguzi b'inganda bavuga ko hamwe no kwihutisha kwinjira mu masosiyete y’imodoka zashyizweho nka GM, Ford, Toyota, na Volkswagen, ndetse n’ingufu nshya z’amashanyarazi nka Rivian, biteganijwe ko mu 2022, umubare w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi muri United Ibihugu bizarenga 100, kandi biteganijwe ko bizinjira mumarushanwa mumashuri ijana yibitekerezo.F150-Kumurika, R1T, Cybertruck, nibindi bizuzuza icyuho mumasoko meza yo gutwara amashanyarazi, kandi Lyric, Mustang Mach-E, Wrangler nizindi moderi nazo ziteganijwe kurushaho kwihutisha kwinjira mumasoko ya SUV yo muri Amerika.

imodoka murugo

Kuri ubu, biragaragara ko Amerika iri mu mwanya umwe inyuma iyo bigeze ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.Kugeza ubu, igipimo cy’isoko ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu muri Amerika kiracyari ku kigero cyo hasi ya 6.59%, mu gihe igipimo cy’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Bushinwa kigeze kuri 22%.

Nkuko Li Qian yabivuze, “Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zateye imbere mu ntambara zihoraho mu myaka myinshi.Imiterere iriho ni uko Amerika yishingikiriza ku nkunga, naho Ubushinwa bukaba bushingiye ku ruhare no kubisubiramo.Biragaragara ko urebye ninde ugenda.Isosiyete ishobora kurokoka irushanwa birashoboka ko itazagira abo bahanganye ku isoko mpuzamahanga. ”

Ariko, uburyo bwo gukomeza inyungu-yambere yimodoka yimashanyarazi nicyo twibandaho ejo hazaza.Erega burya, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu biracyari birebire cyane, kandi mubijyanye nubwenge, chip zacu ziracyafite.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-22-2022