Isesengura ryimiterere niterambere ryinganda zinganda

Kubijyanye na moteri yo gutwara ibinyabiziga, Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini gikora moteri yinganda kandi gifite umusingi ukomeye wa tekiniki.Moteri yinganda ikoresha ingufu nyinshi, bingana na 60% byamashanyarazi yabaturage bose.Ugereranije na moteri isanzwe, moteri ya magneti ihoraho ikozwe na magnesi zihoraho zirashobora kuzigama amashanyarazi agera kuri 20%, kandi bizwi nka "ibihangano bizigama ingufu" muruganda.

Isesengura ryimiterere niterambere ryinganda zinganda

Moteri yinganda nigice cyingenzi cyimikorere ya moteri.Hatariho moteri ikora neza, ntibishoboka kubaka umurongo uteganijwe wikora.Byongeye kandi, imbere y’umuvuduko ukabije wo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bitera imbere cyaneibinyabiziga bishya byingufuyahindutse intego nshya yo guhatanira inganda zimodoka kwisi.Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zitwara amashanyarazi, ibyifuzo bya moteri yo gutwara nabyo biriyongera.

Ingaruka za politiki, inganda z’inganda zikoresha inganda mu Bushinwa zirahinduka zigana ku buryo bunoze kandi butoshye, kandi icyifuzo cyo gusimbuza inganda kiriyongera, kandi n’umusaruro wa moteri y’inganda nawo uragenda wiyongera uko umwaka utashye.Dukurikije imibare, umusaruro w’imodoka z’inganda mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri miliyoni 3.54 kilowatt, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 9.7%.

Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’inganda z’inganda z’igihugu cyanjye biruta ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni moteri ntoya nini nini nini, ifite tekinike nkeya n’ibiciro bihendutse kuruta ibicuruzwa by’amahanga bisa;ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ahanini ni moteri yo mu rwego rwo hejuru-moteri yihariye, nini nini-nini cyane cyane moteri yinganda, igiciro cyibicuruzwa biva hanze muri rusange kiri hejuru yikiguzi cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Urebye uko iterambere ry’isoko ry’amashanyarazi rikoreshwa ku isi, rigaragarira cyane cyane mu ngingo zikurikira: Inganda ziratera imbere zigana ubwenge no kwishyira hamwe: gukora ibinyabiziga gakondo by’amashanyarazi byageze ku guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya tekinoroji n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubwenge.

Mu bihe biri imbere, ni icyerekezo kizaza cy’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga kugirango dukomeze dutezimbere kandi tunoze tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubwenge kuri sisitemu ntoya n’ibiciriritse bikoreshwa mu nganda, no kumenya igishushanyo mbonera no gukora sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga, kumva, n'imikorere yo gutwara.Ibicuruzwa bigenda bitera imbere biganisha ku gutandukanya no kwihariye: ibicuruzwa bifite moteri bifite ibicuruzwa byinshi byunganira, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye nkingufu, ubwikorezi, peteroli, inganda zikora imiti, metallurgie, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, nubwubatsi.

Hamwe nogukomeza kwiyongera kwubukungu bwisi yose hamwe no gukomeza kuzamura urwego rwa siyanse nikoranabuhanga, ibintu ubwoko bumwe bwa moteri bukoreshwa mumitungo itandukanye kandi ibihe bitandukanye biracika mubihe byashize, nibicuruzwa bya moteri biratera imbere muri icyerekezo cyihariye, gutandukanya no kwihariye.Ibicuruzwa biri gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cyo gukora neza no kuzigama ingufu: politiki ijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije ku isi kuva mu 2022 yerekanye icyerekezo gisobanutse cya politiki yo kunoza imikorere ya moteri n’imashini rusange.Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga rukeneye byihutirwa kuvugurura ingufu zizigama ingufu z’ibikorwa bisanzwe, guteza imbere umusaruro ushimishije n’icyatsi, no guteza imbere igisekuru gishya cya moteri ibika ingufu, sisitemu ya moteri n’ibicuruzwa bigenzura, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gupima.Gutezimbere moteri na sisitemu ya tekiniki isanzwe, kandi uharanire kuzamura irushanwa ryibanze ryibicuruzwa bya moteri na sisitemu.

Muri make, muri 2023, brushless, drive itaziguye, umuvuduko ukabije, kugenzura umuvuduko, miniaturizasi, servo, mechatronics nubwenge nibyo byerekezo byiterambere bizaza kandi byibanda kuri moteri zigezweho.Buri kimwe muribi cyarakozwe kandi cyerekanwe kenshi mubikorwa bya buri munsi nubuzima.Kubwibyo, yaba idafite amashanyarazi, itaziguye, mechatronics, cyangwa ubwenge, nikimwe mubintu byingirakamaro mugutezimbere moteri zigezweho mugihe kizaza.Mu iterambere rizaza rya moteri zigezweho, tugomba kandi kwitondera ikoranabuhanga ryayo ryigana, ikoranabuhanga ryashushanyije, tekinoroji yo kuzigama ingufu nyinshi kandi ihuza n’ibidukikije bikabije, kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere rishobore gutera imbere neza.

Mu bihe biri imbere, bitewe na politiki yo kubungabunga karuboni nkeya no kurengera ibidukikije, moteri y’inganda mu gihugu cyanjye nayo izakora ibishoboka byose ngo itere imbere igana icyatsi n’ingufu.

Icyiciro 2 Iterambere ryimiterere yinganda zigihugu zinganda

1. Gusubiramo iterambere ry’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa mu 2021

Mu myaka yashize, amarushanwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’imodoka yarushijeho gukomera, kandi igiciro kigeze aharindimuka.Usibye moteri yihariye, moteri idasanzwe, na moteri nini, biragoye ko rusange-intego rusange-ntoya nini nini nini-nini yo gukora moteri ikomeza kugera ikirenge mu mubihugu byateye imbere.Ubushinwa bufite inyungu nyinshi mubiciro byakazi.

Kuri iki cyiciro, inganda z’imodoka mu gihugu cyanjye n’inganda zikoresha cyane kandi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.Kwibanda ku isoko rya moteri nini nini nini nini ni ndende cyane, mugihe iy'imodoka ntoya nini nini iringaniye, kandi amarushanwa arakaze.Hariho itandukaniro rinini muruganda rwa moteri.Bitewe n'amafaranga ahagije, ubushobozi bunini bwo kubyaza umusaruro, hamwe no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byinshi, ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde n’ibigo binini bya Leta byafashe iyambere mu iterambere ry’inganda zose kandi byagura imigabane yabo ku isoko.Nyamara, umubare munini wabakora ibinyabiziga bito n'ibiciriritse bakora ibinyabiziga bashobora kugabana gusa imigabane isigaye ku isoko, bagakora “Matayo Ingaruka” mu nganda, iteza imbere kwiyongera kwinganda, kandi ibigo bimwe na bimwe bitishoboye biravaho.

Ku rundi ruhande, isoko ry’Ubushinwa ryabaye intandaro yo guhatanira amasosiyete mpuzamahanga.Kubera iyo mpamvu, kubera gutekereza ku mikorere, ikoranabuhanga, umutungo, amafaranga y’umurimo n’ibindi byinshi, abakora ibinyabiziga mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere ku isi bimukira mu Bushinwa, kandi bakomeje kwitabira amarushanwa mu buryo bwo kwihangira imirimo cyangwa gushinga imishinga., Hariho ibiro byinshi ninzego nyinshi, bigatuma amarushanwa kumasoko yimbere arushaho gukomera.Guhindura imiterere yinganda kwisi ningorabahizi kunganda zUbushinwa, ariko kandi ni amahirwe.Numwanya mwiza cyane wo kuzamura igipimo nicyiciro cy’inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, kuzamura ubushobozi bwiterambere ry’ibicuruzwa no guhuza n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga.

2. Isesengura ry’iterambere ry’isoko ry’imodoka mu gihugu cyanjye mu 2021

Urebye igabana ry’ibiciro by’isoko ry’imodoka ku isi, Ubushinwa n’ahantu hakorerwa ibinyabiziga, kandi ibihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi no muri Amerika n’akarere k’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.Fata moteri ya micro nkurugero.Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikora moteri nto.Ubuyapani, Ubudage na Amerika nizo mbaraga zambere mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere moteri nto na moteri zidasanzwe, zigenzura ibyinshi mu buhanga bushya bwa tekinike n’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ku isi.

Urebye imigabane ku isoko, ukurikije igipimo cy’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa n’inganda zikoresha ibinyabiziga ku isi, inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa zigera kuri 30%, Amerika n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bingana na 27% na 20%.

Kuri iki cyiciro, amasosiyete icumi ya mbere ahagarariye ibinyabiziga ku isi harimo Siemens, Toshiba, ABB Group, NEC, Rockwell Automation, AMETEK, Regal Beloit, Johnson Group, Franklin Electric, na AlliedMotion, ahanini ikwirakwizwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika, Ubuyapani. .Ariko nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, uruganda rwimodoka rwinganda rwigihugu rwashinze amasosiyete menshi yimodoka.Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ipiganwa ku isoko mu buryo bw’isi yose, ibyo bigo byahindutse buhoro buhoro biva kuri “binini kandi byuzuye” bihinduka “byihariye kandi byimbitse”, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere iterambere ry’uburyo bwihariye bwo kubyaza umusaruro inganda z’inganda z’inganda mu gihugu cyanjye.Mu bihe biri imbere, hashyizweho politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije bya karuboni nkeya, moteri y’inganda mu Bushinwa nayo izakora ibishoboka byose ngo iteze imbere mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ingufu z’icyatsi.

Igice cya 3 Isesengura ry'ibisabwa n'ibikenerwa mu nganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa kuva 2019 kugeza 2021

1. Umusaruro w’inganda zitwara inganda mu Bushinwa muri 2019-2021

Imbonerahamwe: Umusaruro w’inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa kuva 2019 kugeza 2021

 

Inkomoko yamakuru: Yakozwe na Zhongyan Puhua Institute Research Institute

Dukurikije isesengura ry’amakuru y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isoko, umusaruro w’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu nganda mu Bushinwa uzagaragaza iterambere ry’umwaka ku mwaka kuva 2019 kugeza 2021. Igipimo cy’umusaruro mu 2021 kizaba miliyoni 354.632 kilowatts, kwiyongera ku mwaka ku mwaka. 9.7%.

2. Gusaba inganda zitwara inganda mu Bushinwa kuva 2019 kugeza 2021

Dukurikije isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isoko, umusaruro w’inganda z’inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa werekana ko iterambere ry’umwaka ku mwaka kuva muri 2019 kugeza 2021, naho igipimo cy’ibisabwa mu 2021 kikaba miliyoni 38.603 kilowati, kwiyongera ku mwaka ku mwaka. 10.5%.

Imbonerahamwe: Gusaba Inganda z’inganda mu Bushinwa kuva 2019 kugeza 2021

 

Inkomoko yamakuru: Yakozwe na Zhongyan Puhua Institute Research Institute