Lidar ni iki kandi lidar ikora ite?

　　1. Lidar ni iki?

Amasosiyete atandukanye yimodoka ashimangira lidar, tugomba rero kubanza gusobanukirwa, lidar niki?

LIDAR - Lidar, ni sensor,izwi nka "ijisho rya robo", ni sensor yingenzi ihuza laser, GPS ihagaze hamwe nibikoresho bipima inertial.Uburyo busubiza igihe gikenewe cyo gupima intera isa nihame na radar, usibye ko lazeri ikoreshwa aho gukoresha radiyo.Birashobora kuvugwa ko lidar nimwe mubikoresho byingenzi bigenerwa ibyuma bifasha imodoka kugera kumurwego rwohejuru rwubwenge bufashijwe gutwara.

2. Lidar ikora ite?

Ibikurikira, reka tuvuge uburyo lidar ikora.

Mbere ya byose, dukeneye kumvikanisha neza ko lidar idakora mu bwigenge, kandi muri rusange igizwe nuburyo butatu bwingenzi: transmitter ya laser, imashini yakira, hamwe nuburyo budahwitse no kugendagenda.Iyo lidar ikora, izasohora urumuri rwa laser.Nyuma yo guhura nikintu, urumuri rwa lazeri ruzasubizwa inyuma kandi rwakirwe na sensor ya CMOS, bityo bipime intera kuva mumubiri kugera ku nzitizi.Uhereye ku ihame, igihe cyose ukeneye kumenya umuvuduko wurumuri nigihe cyo kuva imyuka iva mumyumvire ya CMOS, urashobora gupima intera yinzitizi.Ufatanije nigihe nyacyo GPS, amakuru yo kugendana nubutaka no kubara inguni ya laser radar, sisitemu irashobora kubona intera yikintu imbere.Huza amakuru hamwe nintera yamakuru.

Ibikurikira, niba lidar ishobora gusohora lazeri nyinshi kumurongo washyizweho mumwanya umwe, irashobora kubona ibimenyetso byinshi byerekanwe bishingiye ku nzitizi.Uhujije nigihe cyagenwe, laser scanning angle, position ya GPS hamwe namakuru ya INS, nyuma yo gutunganya amakuru, aya makuru azahuzwa na x, y, z guhuza kugirango bibe ikimenyetso cyibice bitatu hamwe namakuru yintera, amakuru yumwanya uhagaze, nibindi. algorithms, sisitemu irashobora kubona ibipimo bitandukanye bifitanye isano nkumurongo, ubuso, nubunini, bityo igashyiraho ikarita yibicu yibice bitatu kandi igashushanya ikarita yibidukikije, ishobora guhinduka "amaso" yimodoka.

3. Urunigi rw'inganda

1) Ikwirakwizachip. Huaxin, Zonghui Xinguang batangije amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere.

2) Uwakiriye: Nkuko inzira ya 905nm ikeneye kongera intera yo gutahura, biteganijwe ko SiPM na SPAD bizaba inzira nyamukuru.1550nm izakomeza gukoresha APD, kandi igipimo cyibicuruzwa bifitanye isano ni kinini.Kugeza ubu, yihariye cyane na Sony, Hamamatsu na ON Semiconductor.1550nm yibanze ya Citrix na 905nm Nanjing Core Vision na Lingming Photonics biteganijwe ko izafata iyambere mugucamo.

3) Calibration end: Igice cya kabirilaser ifite cavit ntoya ya resonator hamwe nubuziranenge bwibibanza.Kugirango wuzuze ibipimo bya lidar, ishoka yihuta kandi itinda igomba guhuzwa kugirango ihindurwe neza, kandi umurongo wumucyo utanga igisubizo ugomba guhuzwa.Agaciro ka lidar imwe ni amagana.

4) TEC: Kuva Osram yakemuye ikibazo cyubushyuhe bwa EEL, VCSEL mubisanzwe ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo kugabanuka, bityo lidar ntigikeneye TEC.

5) Gusikana iherezo: Inzitizi nyamukuru yindorerwamo izunguruka ni kugenzura igihe, kandi inzira ya MEMS iragoye.Ikoranabuhanga rya Xijing niyambere mu kugera ku musaruro rusange.

4. Inyanja yinyenyeri munsi yo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byo murugo

Kwishyira ukizana kwa lidar ntabwo ari ukugera gusa ku gusimbuza imbere mu gihugu no kwigenga mu ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ibihugu by’iburengerazuba bitagumaho, ariko kandi ikintu gikomeye ni ukugabanya ibiciro.

Igiciro cyiza ni ingingo idashobora guhunga, ariko, igiciro cya lidar ntabwo kiri hasi, ikiguzi cyo gushyira igikoresho kimwe cya lidar mumodoka ni amadorari 10,000.

Igiciro kinini cya lidar yamye nigicucu cyacyo gitinze, cyane cyane kubisubizo bya lidar byateye imbere, imbogamizi nini ni ikiguzi;lidar ifatwa nk'ikoranabuhanga rihenze n'inganda, kandi Tesla yavuze yeruye ko Kunegura lidar bihenze.

Abakora Lidar bahora bashaka kugabanya ibiciro, kandi uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera, ibitekerezo byabo bigenda biba impamo.Igisekuru cya kabiri cyubwenge zoom lidar ntigifite imikorere isumba iyindi gusa, ahubwo igabanya igiciro na bibiri bya gatatu ugereranije nigisekuru cya mbere, kandi ni gito mubunini.Dukurikije uko inganda ziteganya, mu 2025, igiciro cyo hagati ya sisitemu yo mu mahanga yateye imbere gishobora kugera ku madolari 700 buri umwe.

Iterambere ryubu ryinganda za lidar ni uko urwego rwa tekinike rugenda rukura umunsi ku munsi, kandi aho bigenda byegereza buhoro buhoro.Guhindura LiDAR byanyuze mubyiciro byinshi.Ubwa mbere, yiganjemo amasosiyete yo hanze.Nyuma, amasosiyete yo murugo yatangiye kandi yongera ibiro byayo.Noneho, ubwiganze buragenda buhoro buhoro bwegera ibigo byimbere mu gihugu.

Mu myaka yashize, hagaragaye umuvuduko wo gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, kandi abakora lidar baho binjiye ku isoko buhoro buhoro.Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa Lidar byo mu gihugu byamenyekanye cyane.Mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu gihugu, amasosiyete ya lidar yaho yagiye agaragara nyuma yandi.

Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, hagomba kubaho amasosiyete 20 ya 30 ya radar yo mu gihugu, nka Sagitar Juchuang, Ikoranabuhanga rya Hesai, Beike Tianhui, Leishen Intelligence, n’ibindi, ndetse n’ibikoresho bikomeye bya elegitoroniki nka DJI na Huawei, ndetse n’ibihangange by’imodoka gakondo; .

Kugeza ubu, ibyiza by’ibicuruzwa bya lidar byatangijwe n’abakora mu Bushinwa nka Hesai, DJI, na Sagitar Juchuang biragaragara, bica umwanya wa mbere mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Amerika muri uru rwego.Hariho kandi ibigo nka tekinoroji ya Focuslight, Han's Laser, Ikoranabuhanga rya Guangku, Ikoranabuhanga rya Luowei, Ikoranabuhanga rya Hesai, Zhongji Innolight, Kongwei Laser, na Juxing Technology.Inzira nuburambe bwo gukora bitera udushya muri lidar.

Kugeza ubu, irashobora kugabanywamo amashuri abiri, rimwe ririmo guteza imbere imashini ya lidar, naho irindi rifunga ibicuruzwa bikomeye bya lidar.Mu rwego rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byihuta cyane, Hesai afite umugabane mwinshi ku isoko;murwego rwo gutwara umuvuduko muke wigenga, Sagitar Juchuang nuwukora nyamukuru.

Urebye hejuru no mu majyepfo y’inganda zose, igihugu cyanjye cyahinze imishinga myinshi ikomeye kandi gishyiraho urwego rw’inganda rwuzuye.Nyuma yimyaka myinshi ishoramari ridahwema no kwegeranya ubunararibonye, ​​amasosiyete ya radar yo murugo yashyizeho ingufu zimbitse mubice byabo byamasoko, yerekana isoko ryindabyo zirabya.

Umusaruro rusange ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gukura.Hamwe no kwinjiza umusaruro mwinshi, igiciro nacyo kiragabanuka cyane.DJI yatangaje muri Kanama 2020 ko imaze kugera ku musaruro rusange no gutanga ibinyabiziga byigenga bitwara ibinyabiziga, kandi igiciro cyamanutse kugera ku gihumbi.;Na Huawei, muri 2016 gukora ubushakashatsi bwambere kubijyanye na tekinoroji ya lidar, gukora igenzura rya prototype muri 2017, no kugera ku musaruro rusange muri 2020.

Ugereranije na radar zitumizwa mu mahanga, amasosiyete yo mu gihugu afite ibyiza bijyanye nigihe cyo gutanga, kugena imikorere, ubufatanye bwa serivisi no gushyira mu gaciro imiyoboro.

Igiciro cyamasoko ya lidar yatumijwe hanze ni kinini.Kubwibyo, igiciro gito cya lidar yo murugo nurufunguzo rwo gufata isoko nimbaraga zikomeye zogusimbuza imbere.Nibyo, ibibazo byinshi bifatika nko kugabanya ibiciro no gukura kwinshi biracyari mubushinwa.Abashoramari baracyafite ibibazo byinshi.

Kuva yavuka, uruganda rwa lidar rwerekanye ibintu byihariye biranga urwego rwo hejuru.Nka tekinoroji igaragara ikunzwe cyane mumyaka yashize, tekinoroji ya lidar mubyukuri ifite inzitizi zikomeye za tekiniki.Ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ari ikibazo gusa ku masosiyete ashaka kwinjira ku isoko, ahubwo ni n'ikibazo ku masosiyete abayemo imyaka myinshi.

Kugeza ubu, kugirango bisimburwe mu gihugu, kubera ko chipi ya lidar, cyane cyane ibice bisabwa mu gutunganya ibimenyetso, ahanini bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibi byazamuye igiciro cy’umusaruro wa lidari yo mu gihugu ku rugero runaka.Umushinga wizosi wafashwe uragenda kugirango ukemure ikibazo.

Usibye ibintu byabo bwite bya tekiniki, amasosiyete ya radar yo murugo nayo akeneye kwihingamo ubushobozi bwuzuye, harimo ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga hamwe na sisitemu yiterambere, imiyoboro ihamye yo gutanga hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro, cyane cyane nyuma yubucuruzi bufite ireme.

Ku mahirwe ya “Made in China 2025 ″, abakora mu gihugu bagiye bafata mu myaka yashize kandi bateye intambwe nyinshi.Kugeza ubu, kwimenyekanisha ni mugihe amahirwe n'imbogamizi bigaragara neza, kandi ni intambwe shingiro yo gusimbuza lidar.

Icya kane, kugwa kumurongo nijambo ryanyuma

Ntabwo ari ugukabya kuvuga ko ikoreshwa rya lidar ryatangiye mu gihe cyizamuka, kandi ubucuruzi bwacyo nyamukuru buturuka ku masoko ane akomeye, aribyo gutangiza inganda., ibikorwa remezo byubwenge, robot nimodoka.

Hariho imbaraga zikomeye mubijyanye no gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga, kandi isoko ya lidar yimodoka izungukirwa no kwinjira mumashanyarazi yo murwego rwohejuru kandi ikomeza iterambere ryihuse.Amasosiyete menshi yimodoka yafashe ibisubizo bya lidar, atera intambwe yambere yerekeza kuri L3 na L4 gutwara.

2022 ihinduka idirishya ryinzibacyuho kuva L2 kugeza L3 / L4.Nka shingiro ryibanze rya tekinoroji yigenga yigenga, lidar yagize uruhare runini mubice bifitanye isano mumyaka yashize.Biteganijwe ko guhera mu 2023, inzira ya lidar yimodoka izinjira mugihe gikomeza cyihuta.

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro z’agaciro, mu 2022, ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa bizarenga 80.000.Biteganijwe ko umwanya w’isoko rya lidar mu murima w’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu gihugu cyanjye uzagera kuri miliyari 26.1 mu 2025 na miliyari 98 mu 2030.Lidar yimodoka yinjiye mugihe cyibisabwa biturika, kandi ibyiringiro byisoko ni binini cyane.

Umuntu utagira abapilote ni inzira mumyaka yashize, kandi abadereva ntibatandukana mumaso yubwenge - sisitemu yo kugenda.Kugendana na Laser birasa nkaho bikuze muburyo bwikoranabuhanga no kugwa kubicuruzwa, kandi bifite intera yuzuye, kandi birashobora gukora neza mubidukikije, cyane cyane mwijoro ryijimye.Irashobora kandi gukomeza kumenya neza.Nubu nuburyo butajegajega kandi bwibanze bwibanze hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenda.Muri make, mubijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa, ihame ryo kugendana laser biroroshye kandi ikoranabuhanga rirakuze.

Umuntu udafite abapilote, yinjiye mu bice by'ubwubatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kurandura ingaruka, serivisi, ubuhinzi, ubushakashatsi ku kirere no gukoresha igisirikare.Lidar yahindutse uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenda muri ibi bidukikije.

Guhera muri 2019, radar nyinshi zo murugo zashyizwe mubikorwa byimishinga yabakiriya, aho kugerageza prototype gusa mumahugurwa.2019 ni amazi akomeye kubigo bya lidar yo murugo.Porogaramu zamasoko zagiye buhoro buhoro mubikorwa byimishinga, kwagura ibintu byagutse no kwaguka, gushaka amasoko atandukanye, no kuba amahitamo rusange kubigo..

Gukoresha lidar bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, harimo inganda zitagira shoferi, robot ya serivisiinganda, interineti yimodoka, ubwikorezi bwubwenge, numujyi wubwenge.Ihuriro rya lidar na drone birashobora kandi gushushanya amakarita yinyanja, imipira ya barafu, n amashyamba.

Umuntu utagira abapilote nikintu cyingenzi kiranga ibikoresho byubwenge.Mu gutwara no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byubwenge, hazakoreshwa umubare munini w’ikoranabuhanga ridafite abapilote - robot zigendanwa zigendanwa hamwe n’ibinyabiziga byihuta bitagira abapilote, ibyingenzi nyamukuru bikaba lidar.

Mubyerekeranye nibikoresho byubwenge, porogaramu ya lidar nayo iriyongera umunsi kumunsi.Haba kuva mubikorwa kugeza mububiko cyangwa ibikoresho, lidar irashobora gutwikirwa byuzuye kandi ikagera no ku byambu byubwenge, ubwikorezi bwubwenge, umutekano wubwenge, serivisi zubwenge, hamwe nubuyobozi bwubwenge bwo mumijyi.

Mu bikoresho bya logistique nk'ibyambu, lidar irashobora kwemeza neza ko gufata imizigo no kugabanya ingorane z'imikorere y'abakozi.Mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu, lidar irashobora gufasha mukumenya amarembo yishyurwa ryihuta kandi ikemeza ko ibinyabiziga bitambuka byujuje ibisabwa.Ku bijyanye n’umutekano, lidar irashobora guhinduka amaso yibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukurikirana umutekano.

Mu rwego rwo gukora inganda, agaciro ka lidar gahora kagaragazwa.Mu murongo wo kubyaza umusaruro, irashobora kurekura uruhare rwo kugenzura ibikoresho no kwemeza gukora byikora.

Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) ni tekinoroji ya optique ya kure yerekana uburyo bugenda bugaragara nkuburyo buhendutse bwuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ubushakashatsi nko gufotora.Mu myaka yashize, lidar na drone byagaragaye kenshi mubikorwa bitandukanye muburyo bwo gufatana hamwe, akenshi bitanga ingaruka za 1 + 1> 2.

Inzira ya tekiniki ya lidar ihora itera imbere.Nta rusange lidar yubatswe ishobora guhuza ibikenewe byose mubikorwa bitandukanye.Porogaramu nyinshi zitandukanye zifite imiterere itandukanye, imirima yo kureba, gukemura intera, gukoresha ingufu nigiciro.Saba.

Lidar ifite ibyiza byayo, ariko uburyo bwo kugwiza inyungu bisaba inkunga ya tekiniki.Ubwenge bwa zoom lidar irashobora kubaka amashusho atatu-yerekana stereo, ikemura neza ibintu bikabije nko kumurika imirongo iboneka hamwe nikibazo cyo kumenya ibintu bidasanzwe.Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, lidar izagira uruhare mubice byinshi bitunguranye, bituzanira byinshi bitunguranye.

Muri iki gihe cyigihe ikiguzi ari umwami, radar ihenze cyane ntabwo yigeze ihitamo isoko rusange.Cyane cyane mugukoresha L3 yigenga yigenga, igiciro kinini cya radar zo mumahanga ziracyari inzitizi nini kubishyira mubikorwa.Ni ngombwa kumenya gusimbuza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga.

Lidar yamye nantaryo ahagarariye iterambere nogukoresha tekinoroji igaragara.Niba tekinoroji ikuze cyangwa idakuze ifitanye isano no kuyikoresha no kuzamura umusaruro.Ikoranabuhanga rikuze ntiriboneka gusa, ariko kandi rijyanye nigiciro cyubukungu, guhuza nibintu bitandukanye, kandi ufite umutekano uhagije.

Nyuma yimyaka itari mike ikusanya ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa bishya bya lidar byatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara, kandi hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, imikoreshereze yabyo yagutse cyane.Ibisabwa byo gusaba nabyo biriyongera, kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe byoherejwe ku masoko akomeye yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika.

Birumvikana ko amasosiyete ya lidar nayo ahura ningaruka zikurikira: kutamenya neza kubisabwa, igihe kinini cyo kwakirwa kugirango ababyara bongere umusaruro mwinshi, nigihe kinini kugirango lidar yinjize nyabyo nkumutanga.

Ibigo byimbere mu gihugu byegeranije murwego rwa lidar imyaka myinshi bizakora cyane mubice byabo byamasoko, ariko niba bashaka gufata imigabane myinshi yisoko, bagomba guhuza ikusanyamakuru ryabo bwite, gucukumbura cyane mubuhanga bwibanze, no kwiteza imbere no kunoza ibicuruzwa.Ubwiza no gutuza bikora cyane.