Ni ibihe byiciro bya bateri nshya yimodoka?Ibarura ryubwoko butanu bwa bateri yimodoka nshya

Hamwe naiterambere rihoraho ryimodoka nshya zingufu, byinshi kandi byitondewe kuri bateri.Sisitemu yo kugenzura bateri, moteri na elegitoronike nibintu bitatu byingenzi bigize ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, muribwo bateri yingufu nigice cyingenzi cyane, twavuga ko ari "umutima" wibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, none bateri zamashanyarazi nizihe? ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu?Tuvuge iki ku byiciro by'ingenzi?

1. Bateri ya aside-aside

Bateri ya aside-aside (VRLA) ni bateri ifite electrode ikozwe cyane cyane na gurşide na oxyde yayo, naho electrolyte nigisubizo cya acide sulfurike.Mugihe cyashizwemo na batiri ya aside-aside, igice nyamukuru cya electrode nziza ni dioxyde de gurş, naho igice cyingenzi cya electrode mbi ni gurş;muri reta yasohotse, igice cyingenzi cya electrode nziza kandi mbi ni gurşide sulfate.Umuvuduko w'izina wa batiri ya selile imwe ya selile-acide ni 2.0V, ishobora gusohoka kuri 1.5V ikishyurwakugeza kuri 2.4V;mubisabwa, bateri 6-selile imwe ya selile-acide ikunze guhuzwa murukurikirane kugirango ikore batiri nomero 12V ya aside-aside, na 24V, 36V, 48V, nibindi.

Nka tekinoroji ikuze ikuze, bateri ya aside-aside iracyari bateri yonyine kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bishobora kubyazwa umusaruro mwinshi kubera igiciro cyabyo gito hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo gusohora.Nyamara, ingufu zihariye, imbaraga zihariye nubucucike bwingufu za bateri ya aside-aside iracyari hasi cyane, kandi ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoresha ibi nkisoko yingufu ntibishobora kugira umuvuduko mwiza no kugendaintera.

2. Bateri ya Nickel-kadmium na bateri ya hydride ya nikel

Bateri ya Nickel-kadmium (Bateri ya Nickel-kadmium, bakunze kwita NiCd, yitwa "nye-cad") ni bateri ikunzwe.Iyi bateri ikoresha nikel hydroxide (NiOH) na kadmium yicyuma (Cd) nkimiti itanga amashanyarazi.Nubwo imikorere yayo iruta iya bateri ya aside-aside, irimo ibyuma biremereye, bizahumanya ibidukikije nyuma yo gukoreshwa no gutereranwa.

Bateri ya nikel-kadmium irashobora kwishyurwa no gusohora inshuro zirenga 500, zifite ubukungu kandi ziramba.Kurwanya imbere kwayo ni nto, kurwanya imbere ni bito, birashobora kwishyurwa vuba, kandi birashobora gutanga umuyoboro munini wumutwaro, kandi impinduka ya voltage ni nto mugihe cyo gusohora, ikaba ari bateri nziza ya DC itanga amashanyarazi.Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa bateri, bateri ya nikel-kadmium irashobora kwihanganira kwishyurwa birenze cyangwa kurenza urugero.

Batiri ya Ni-MH igizwe na hydrogène ion na nikel y'icyuma, kandi ingufu zayo zirenga 30% ugereranije na batiri ya Ni-Cd..

3. Batiri ya Litiyumu

Batiri ya Litiyumu ni ubwoko bwa bateri ikoresha ibyuma bya lithium cyangwa lithium alloy nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi kandi ikoresha igisubizo cya electrolyte idafite amazi.Batteri ya Litiyumu irashobora kugabanywa mubice bibiri: bateri ya lithium ibyuma na batiri ya lithium.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion ntabwo irimo lithium muburyo bwa metero kandi irashobora kwishyurwa.

Batteri ya Litiyumu isanzwe ikoresha dioxyde ya manganese nkibikoresho byiza bya electrode nziza, lithium yicyuma cyangwa ibyuma byayo bivanze nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi, kandi bigakoresha igisubizo cya electrolyte idafite amazi.Ibikoresho bya batiri ya Litiyumu bigizwe ahanini: ibikoresho bya electrode nziza, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, bitandukanya, electrolyte.

Mubikoresho bya cathode, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane ni lithium cobalt oxyde, lithium manganate, lithium fer fosifate nibikoresho bya ternary (polymers ya nikel, cobalt na manganese).Ibikoresho byiza bya electrode bifata igice kinini (igipimo rusange cyibikoresho byiza na bibi bya electrode ni 3: 1 ~ 4: 1), kubera ko imikorere yibikoresho byiza bya electrode bigira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion, nigiciro cyayo nayo igena neza ikiguzi cya batiri.

Mubikoresho bya anode, ibikoresho bya anode byubu ni grafite karemano na grafite.Ibikoresho bya anode biri gushakishwa birimo nitride, PAS, okiside ishingiye ku mabati, amabati, ibikoresho bya nano anode, hamwe n’ibindi bintu bivangavanze.Nka kimwe mu bice bine byingenzi bigize batiri ya lithium, ibikoresho bibi bya electrode bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubushobozi n’imikorere ya bateri, kandi ni ihuriro ryibanze hagati yinganda za batiri ya lithium.

4. Akagari ka lisansi

Akagari ka lisansi nigikoresho kidashya cyogukoresha amashanyarazi.Ingufu za chimique ya hydrogène (nibindi bicanwa) na ogisijeni bihora bihinduka ingufu zamashanyarazi.Ihame ryakazi ni uko H2 ihindurwamo H + na e- munsi ya catalizike ya anode, H + igera kuri electrode nziza ikoresheje membrane ihinduranya proton, igakorana na O2 kuri cathode kugirango itange amazi, kandi e- igera kuri cathode ikoresheje umuzenguruko wo hanze, kandi reaction ikomeza itanga ikigezweho.Nubwo selile ya lisansi ifite ijambo "bateri", ntabwo ibika ingufuigikoresho mu buryo bwa gakondo, ariko igikoresho cyo kubyara ingufu.Iri ni itandukaniro rinini hagati ya lisansi na bateri gakondo.