Gukemura ibibazo biterwa no gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi usimbuza bateri yimodoka

Kuyobora:Laboratoire y’Amerika ishinzwe kongera ingufu (NREL) ivuga ko imodoka ya lisansi igura amadorari 0.30 kuri kilometero imwe, mu gihe imodoka y’amashanyarazi ifite intera y'ibirometero 300 igura amadorari 0.47 kuri kilometero, nkuko bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ikurikira.

Ibi birimo ibiciro byambere byimodoka, ibiciro bya lisansi, ibiciro byamashanyarazi nigiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri ya EV.Ubusanzwe Bateri zapimwe ibirometero 100.000 nimyaka 8, kandi imodoka zimara kabiri.Nyirubwite noneho ashobora kugura bateri isimbuza ubuzima bwikinyabiziga, gishobora kuba gihenze cyane.

Igiciro kuri kilometero kumasomo atandukanye yimodoka ukurikije NREL

Basomyi bashobora kuba barabonye amakuru avuga ko EV igura amafaranga make ugereranije nimodoka ya lisansi;icyakora, mubisanzwe byari bishingiye kuri "ubushakashatsi" "bwibagiwe" gushyiramo ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza bateri.Abahanga mu bukungu babigize umwuga muri EIA na NREL barashishikarizwa kwirinda kubogama kwawe kuko bigabanya ukuri.Akazi kabo nukumenyesha ibizaba, ntabwo aribyo bashaka kubaho.

Batteri zishobora kugabanywa zigabanya igiciro cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na:

· Imodoka nyinshi zitwara ibirometero bitarenze 45 kumunsi.Noneho, muminsi myinshi, barashobora gukoresha igiciro gito, bateri ntoya (vuga, ibirometero 100) bakayishyuza ijoro ryose.Mu ngendo ndende, barashobora gukoresha bateri zihenze, zimara igihe kirekire, cyangwa kuzisimbuza kenshi.

· Abafite EV muri iki gihe barashobora gusimbuza bateri nyuma yo kugabanuka kwa 20% kugeza 35%.Ariko, bateri zisimburwa zimara igihe kirekire kuko ziraboneka nka bateri yubushobozi buke iyo imaze gukura.Abatwara ibinyabiziga ntibazabona itandukaniro riri hagati ya batiri nshya ya kilowati 150 na batiri ishaje ya 300 kWh yangijwe na 50%.Byombi bizerekana nka 150 kWh muri sisitemu.Iyo bateri imara kabiri, bateri igura kabiri.

Sitasiyo yishyuza byihuse ifite ibyago byo gutakaza amafaranga

Iyo ubonye sitasiyo yihuta, niyihe ijanisha ryigihe ikoreshwa?Kenshi na kenshi, si byinshi.Ibi biterwa nuburyo bubi nigiciro kinini cyo kwishyuza, koroshya kwishyurwa murugo, numubare udahagije wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Kandi gukoresha bike akenshi bivamo ibiciro byurubuga birenze amafaranga yinjira.Iyo ibi bibaye, sitasiyo irashobora gukoresha amafaranga ya leta cyangwa amafaranga yishoramari kugirango yishyure igihombo;ariko, ubwo "muti" ntabwo burambye.Amashanyarazi ahenze cyane kubera igiciro kinini cyibikoresho byo kwishyuza byihuse nigiciro kinini cya serivisi zamashanyarazi.Kurugero, 150 kilowat ya gride irasabwa kwishyuza batiri 50 kWh muminota 20 (150 kW × [20 ÷ 60]).Nibyo bingana n'amashanyarazi akoreshwa ningo 120, kandi ibikoresho bya gride yo kubishyigikira biratwara amafaranga menshi (impuzandengo yo muri Amerika ikoresha 1.2 kW).

Kubera iyo mpamvu, sitasiyo nyinshi zishakisha vuba ntizishobora kubona umubare munini wa gride, bivuze ko zidashobora kwishyuza imodoka nyinshi icyarimwe.Ibi biganisha kuri caskade ikurikira yibyabaye: kwishyuza gahoro, kunyurwa kwabakiriya, gukoresha sitasiyo yo hasi, igiciro kinini kumukiriya, inyungu za sitasiyo, kandi amaherezo ni bake baba nyiri sitasiyo.

Umujyi ufite EV nyinshi kandi ahanini kumuhanda uhagarara kumuhanda birashoboka cyane ko kwishyuza byihuse mubukungu.Ubundi, sitasiyo zishyurwa byihuse mugice cyicyaro cyangwa mumijyi akenshi usanga bafite ibyago byo gutakaza amafaranga.

Batteri zishobora kugabanywa zigabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubukungu bwa sitasiyo zishyurwa byihuse kubwimpamvu zikurikira:

· Batteri mu byumba byo guhana munsi yubutaka irashobora kwishyurwa gahoro gahoro, kugabanya ingufu za serivisi zisabwa no kugabanya ibiciro byo kwishyuza.

Batteri mucyumba cyo guhanahana irashobora gukuramo ingufu nijoro cyangwa mugihe amasoko mashya ashobora kuzura kandi amashanyarazi ari make.

Ibikoresho bidakunze kubaho byisi birashobora kuba imbonekarimwe kandi bihenze

Kugeza mu 2021, imodoka zigera kuri miliyoni 7 zizakorwa ku isi.Niba umusaruro wiyongereyeho inshuro 12 ugakorwa mu myaka 18, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora gusimbuza miliyari 1.5 imodoka ya gaze kwisi yose hamwe na decarbonize transport (miliyoni 7 × 18 ans × 12).Nyamara, EV isanzwe ikoresha lithium idasanzwe, cobalt na nikel, kandi ntibisobanutse neza uko byagenda kubiciro byibi bikoresho niba ibicuruzwa byiyongereye cyane.

Ibiciro bya batiri mubisanzwe bigabanuka uko umwaka utashye.Ariko, ibi ntibyabaye muri 2022 kubera kubura ibikoresho.Kubwamahirwe make, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi birashobora kuba imbonekarimwe, biganisha kubiciro bya batiri.

Batteri isimburwa igabanya kwishingikiriza kubikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka kuko birashobora gukorana byoroshye na tekinoroji yo hasi ikoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka (urugero, bateri ya LFP ntabwo ikoresha cobalt).

Gutegereza kwishyuza rimwe na rimwe ntibyoroshye

Batteri isimburwa igabanya igihe cya lisansi kuko kubisimbuza byihuse.

Abashoferi rimwe na rimwe bumva bahangayikishijwe nurwego no kwishyuza

Guhinduranya bizoroha niba ufite ibyumba byinshi byo guhinduranya hamwe na bateri nyinshi zisigara muri sisitemu.

CO2 isohoka iyo itwitse gaze karemano kugirango itange amashanyarazi

Imiyoboro ikunze gukoreshwa ninkomoko nyinshi.Kurugero, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, umujyi ushobora kubona amashanyarazi 20% mumashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi, 3 ku ijana akomoka ku zuba, 7 ku ijana akomoka ku muyaga, na 70 ku ijana ava mu nganda za gaze gasanzwe.Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi iyo izuba rirashe, imirima yumuyaga itanga amashanyarazi iyo ari umuyaga, naho andi masoko akunda kuba make.

Iyo umuntu yishyuye EV, byibuze isoko imwe yingufukuri gride yongera ibisohoka.Akenshi, umuntu umwe gusa abigiramo uruhare kubera ibitekerezo bitandukanye, nkigiciro.Nanone, umusaruro w’umurima wizuba ntushobora guhinduka kuva washyizweho nizuba kandi imbaraga zayo zimaze gukoreshwa.Ubundi, niba umurima wizuba "wuzuye" (nukuvuga, guta ingufu zicyatsi kuko zifite byinshi), noneho birashobora kongera umusaruro aho kujugunya kure.Abantu barashobora kwishyuza EV badasohora CO2 isoko.

Batteri isimburwa igabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO2 ituruka kumashanyarazi kuko bateri zishobora kwishyurwa mugihe ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zuzuye.

CO2 isohoka mugihe ucukura ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka no gukora bateri

Bateri zisimburwa zigabanya imyuka ya CO2 mukubyara bateri kuko bateri ntoya ukoresheje ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka birashobora gukoreshwa.

Ubwikorezi nikibazo cya Trillion 30

Ku isi hari ibinyabiziga bigera kuri miliyari 1.5, kandi biramutse bisimbuwe n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, buri kimwe cyatwara amadorari 20.000, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni 30 (miliyari 1.5 × 20.000).Ibiciro bya R&D byaba bifite ishingiro niba, nkurugero, byagabanutseho 10% binyuze muri miliyari amagana yamadorari yinyongera R&D.Tugomba kubona ubwikorezi nkikibazo cya tiriyari 30 z'amadolari kandi tugakora dukurikije - mu yandi magambo, R&D nyinshi.Ariko, nigute R&D ishobora kugabanya igiciro cya bateri zisimburwa?Turashobora gutangira dushakisha imashini zihita zishyiraho ibikorwa remezo byubutaka.

mu gusoza

Kugira ngo bateri zisimburwe imbere, guverinoma cyangwa fondasiyo zishobora gutera inkunga iterambere rya sisitemu zisanzwe zikurikira:

Sisitemu ya bateri yimashanyarazi isimburana

· Sisitemu y'itumanaho hagati ya bateri ya EV no kwishyuzauburyo

· Sisitemu y'itumanaho hagati yimodoka na sitasiyo ya bateri

· Sisitemu y'itumanaho hagati ya gride na panne yerekana ibinyabiziga

· Imigaragarire ya terefone igendanwa hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyura

· Guhindura, kubika no kwishyuza uburyo butandukanye

Gutezimbere sisitemu yuzuye kugeza kuri prototype irashobora gutwara miriyoni icumi z'amadolari;icyakora, kohereza isi yose birashobora gutwara miliyari y'amadorari.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2022