Amateka ya moteri yamashanyarazi yatangiriye mu 1820, igihe Hans Christian Oster yavumburaga imbaraga za rukuruzi zumuyagankuba, hanyuma umwaka umwe nyuma yaho Michael Faraday avumbuye kuzenguruka amashanyarazi hanyuma yubaka moteri ya mbere ya DC yambere.Faraday yavumbuye induction ya electromagnetic mu 1831, ariko kugeza mu 1883 ni bwo Tesla yahimbye moteri ya induction (asinchronous).Uyu munsi, ubwoko bwingenzi bwimashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikomeza kuba zimwe, DC, induction (asynchronous) hamwe na syncron, byose bishingiye kubitekerezo byatejwe imbere kandi byavumbuwe na Alstead, Faraday na Tesla mumyaka irenga ijana ishize.
Kuva havumburwa moteri ya induction, yabaye moteri ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe kubera ibyiza bya moteri yinjira kuruta izindi moteri.Inyungu nyamukuru nuko moteri ya induction idasaba guhuza amashanyarazi hagati yibice bihagaze kandi bizunguruka bya moteri, kubwibyo, ntibisaba ingendo za mashini (brushes) kandi zibungabunga moteri yubusa.Moteri ya induction nayo ifite ibiranga uburemere bworoheje, inertia nkeya, gukora neza, hamwe nubushobozi burenze urugero.Nkigisubizo, zirahendutse, zikomeye, kandi ntizinanirwa kumuvuduko mwinshi.Byongeye kandi, moteri irashobora gukora mukirere giturika nta gucana.
Urebye ibyiza byose byavuzwe haruguru, moteri ya induction ifatwa nkingufu zitanga amashanyarazi meza, nyamara, ingufu za mashini zisabwa kenshi kumuvuduko uhinduka, aho sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko atari ikintu cyoroshye.Inzira yonyine ifatika yo kubyara umuvuduko udahinduka ni ugutanga ibyiciro bitatu bya voltage hamwe na variable variable hamwe na amplitude kuri moteri idahwitse.Umuvuduko wa rotor uterwa numuvuduko wumuzenguruko wa magnetiki uzenguruka utangwa na stator, bityo rero guhinduranya inshuro birakenewe.Umuvuduko uhindagurika urakenewe, inzitizi ya moteri iragabanuka kuri frequency nkeya, kandi ikigezweho kigomba kugarukira mukugabanya ingufu zitangwa.
Mbere yuko hajyaho ingufu za elegitoroniki, kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya induction byagezweho muguhindura imirongo itatu ya stator kuva delta ikajya mu nyenyeri ihuza, byagabanije voltage hejuru ya moteri.Moteri ya induction nayo ifite stator zirenga eshatu zihindagurika kugirango yemere gutandukanya umubare wibiti byombi.Ariko, moteri ifite imirongo myinshi ihenze cyane kuko moteri isaba ibyambu birenga bitatu bihuza kandi umuvuduko wihariye urahari.Ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko urashobora kugerwaho hamwe na moteri ya rotor ya induction, aho amaherezo ya rotor azanwa kumpeta.Nyamara, ubu buryo bugaragara bukuraho byinshi mubyiza bya moteri yinduction, mugihe nanone bitangiza igihombo cyinyongera, ibyo bikaba byavamo imikorere mibi ushyira rezistoriste cyangwa reaction muburyo bukurikirana kuri moteri ya moteri yinjira.
Muri kiriya gihe, uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru ni bwo bwonyine bwaboneka kugira ngo bugenzure umuvuduko wa moteri ya induction, kandi moteri ya DC yari isanzweho ifite moteri yihuta itagira ingano itemerera gukora muri quadrants enye gusa, ahubwo yanatwikiriye amashanyarazi menshi.Zirakora neza kandi zifite igenzura rikwiye ndetse nigisubizo cyiza cyingirakamaro, icyakora, ingaruka nyamukuru yacyo ni itegeko risabwa kuri brux.
mu gusoza
Mu myaka 20 ishize, tekinoroji ya semiconductor yateye imbere cyane, itanga ibisabwa nkenerwa mugutezimbere sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga bikwiye.Ibi bintu biri mubyiciro bibiri byingenzi:
(1) Kugabanya ibiciro no kunoza imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoronike yo guhinduranya.
(2) Birashoboka gushyira mubikorwa algorithms muri microprocessor nshya.
Nyamara, hagomba gukorwa icyangombwa kugirango habeho uburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya induction igoye, bitandukanye n’ubworoherane bw’imashini, ni ingenzi cyane cyane kubijyanye n'imibare yabo (multivariate and nonlinear).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2022