Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigizwe ahanini nibice bitatu: sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga, sisitemu ya batiri na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga.Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga nigice gihindura mu buryo butaziguye ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mbaraga za mashini, zigena ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, guhitamo moteri ya moteri ni ngombwa cyane.
Mu bidukikije byo kurengera ibidukikije, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nabyo byahindutse ahantu h’ubushakashatsi mu myaka yashize.Imashanyarazi irashobora kugera kuri zeru cyangwa nkeya cyane mumodoka yo mumijyi, kandi ifite ibyiza byinshi mubijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije.Ibihugu byose birakora cyane kugirango biteze imbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigizwe ahanini nibice bitatu: sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga, sisitemu ya batiri na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga.Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga nigice gihindura mu buryo butaziguye ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mbaraga za mashini, zigena ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, guhitamo moteri ya moteri ni ngombwa cyane.
1. Ibisabwa kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kuri moteri yo gutwara
Kugeza ubu, isuzuma ryimikorere yimodoka yamashanyarazi ireba ahanini ibipimo bitatu bikurikira:
(1) Ikirometero ntarengwa (km): mileage ntarengwa yikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi nyuma ya bateri yuzuye;
(2) Ubushobozi bwihuta (s): igihe ntarengwa gisabwa kugirango ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi cyihute kuva gihagarara kugera kumuvuduko runaka;
(3) Umuvuduko ntarengwa (km / h): umuvuduko ntarengwa ikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi gishobora kugera.
Moteri yagenewe gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ifite ibisabwa byihariye ugereranije na moteri yinganda:
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. umutwaro urenze;
(3) Urwego rwo kugenzura umuvuduko rusabwa kuba runini rushoboka, kandi mugihe kimwe, birakenewe gukomeza gukora neza murwego rwo kugenzura umuvuduko wose;
.Moteri yihuta ni ntoya mubunini, ifasha kugabanya uburemere bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi;
(5) Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigomba kugira ingufu nziza kandi zikagira umurimo wo gufata feri yo kugarura ingufu.Ingufu zagaruwe na feri ishya zigomba muri rusange kugera kuri 10% -20% yingufu zose;
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2. Moteri nyinshi zikoreshwa cyane
2.1 moteri ya DC
Mubyiciro byambere byiterambere ryimodoka zamashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi byakoresheje moteri ya DC nka moteri yo gutwara.Ubu bwoko bwa tekinoroji ya moteri irakuze, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura no kugenzura umuvuduko mwiza.Byakunze gukoreshwa cyane murwego rwo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri..Nyamara, kubera imiterere igoye ya moteri ya moteri ya DC, nka: guswera hamwe nogukora imashini, ubushobozi bwayo burenze ako kanya no kongera umuvuduko wa moteri ni bike, naho kubijyanye nakazi kigihe kirekire, imiterere yubukanishi bwa moteri izaba Igihombo kibyara kandi amafaranga yo kubungabunga ariyongera.Byongeye kandi, iyo moteri ikora, ibishashi biva muri bruwasi bituma rotor ishyuha, igatakaza ingufu, bikagorana gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kandi bikanatera interineti yumuriro mwinshi, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yikinyabiziga.Kubera amakosa yavuzwe haruguru ya moteri ya DC, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byavanyeho ahanini moteri ya DC.
2.2 AC moteri idafite moteri
AC moteri idahwitse nubwoko bwa moteri ikoreshwa cyane muruganda.Irangwa nuko stator na rotor byandujwe namabati ya silicon.Impera zombi zapakishijwe ibifuniko bya aluminium., ibikorwa byizewe kandi biramba, kubungabunga byoroshye.Ugereranije na moteri ya DC yingufu zimwe, moteri ya AC idahwitse irakora neza, kandi misa iroroshye.Niba uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kugenzura bwakoreshejwe, hashobora kugenzurwa no kugenzura umuvuduko mugari ugereranije na moteri ya DC irashobora kuboneka.Bitewe nibyiza byo gukora neza, imbaraga zidasanzwe, hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo gukora byihuse, moteri ya AC idahwitse niyo moteri ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka ifite amashanyarazi menshi.Kugeza ubu, moteri ya AC idahwitse yakozwe ku rugero runini, kandi hari ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bikuze guhitamo.Ariko, mugihe cyo gukora umuvuduko mwinshi, rotor ya moteri irashyuha cyane, kandi moteri igomba gukonjeshwa mugihe ikora.Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yo gutwara no kugenzura moteri ya asinchronous iragoye cyane, kandi igiciro cyumubiri wa moteri nacyo kiri hejuru.Ugereranije na moteri ya magneti ihoraho hamwe no kwanga guhinduranya Kuri moteri, imikorere nubucucike bwamashanyarazi ya moteri idahwitse ni bike, ntabwo bifasha kunoza urugendo rurerure rwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
2.3 Moteri ihoraho
Moteri ihoraho ya moteri irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya flake ya stator ihindagurika, imwe ni moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi, ifite urukiramende rwimpande enye;ikindi ni moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihuza imbaraga, ifite umuyaga wa sine.Ubwoko bubiri bwa moteri burasa muburyo bumwe nuburyo bwo gukora.Rotor ni magnesi zihoraho, zigabanya igihombo cyatewe no kwishima.Stator yashizwemo nu kuzunguruka kugirango itange umuriro binyuze mu guhinduranya amashanyarazi, bityo gukonjesha biroroshye.Kuberako ubu bwoko bwa moteri budakenera gushiraho brusse nuburyo bwo kugendana imashini, ntamashanyarazi azajya atangwa mugihe cyo gukora, imikorere ifite umutekano kandi yizewe, kubungabunga biroroshye, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu ni kinini.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri ihoraho ya magneti iroroshye kuruta sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri ya AC idahwitse.Nyamara, kubera kugabanuka kwimikorere yibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, ingufu za moteri ihoraho ya magneti ni nto, kandi imbaraga nini muri rusange ni miriyoni mirongo gusa, ibyo bikaba ari bibi cyane bya moteri ihoraho.Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi bihoraho kuri rotor bizagira ikibazo cyo kwangirika kwa magneti mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kunyeganyega no kurenza urugero, kuburyo mubihe bigoye cyane byakazi, moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho irashobora kwangirika.Byongeye kandi, igiciro cyibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho ni byinshi, bityo igiciro cya moteri yose hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ni kinini.
2.4 Moteri yahinduwe
Nubwoko bushya bwa moteri, moteri yahinduwe yanga ifite imiterere yoroshye ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa moteri.Stator na rotor byombi byubatswe kabiri bikozwe mumabati asanzwe ya silicon.Nta miterere iri kuri rotor.Stator ifite ibikoresho byoroheje byuzuzanya, bifite ibyiza byinshi nkuburyo bworoshye kandi bukomeye, kwizerwa cyane, uburemere bworoshye, igiciro gito, gukora neza, kuzamuka kwubushyuhe buke, no kubungabunga byoroshye.Byongeye kandi, ifite ibintu byiza biranga igenzurwa ryiza rya sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa DC, kandi irakwiriye ahantu habi, kandi irakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa nka moteri itwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Urebye ko nka moteri itwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, moteri ya DC na moteri ihoraho ya moteri ifite imiterere idahwitse yimiterere nimirimo ikora, kandi ikaba ikunze kunanirwa na mashini na demagnetisiyonike, iyi mpapuro yibanze ku kwinjiza moteri yanga na moteri ya AC idahwitse.Ugereranije na mashini, ifite ibyiza bigaragara mubice bikurikira.
2.4.1 Imiterere yumubiri wa moteri
Imiterere ya moteri yahinduwe yanga iroroshye kuruta iyimoteri-cage induction.Inyungu zidasanzwe ni uko nta kuzunguruka kuri rotor, kandi bikozwe gusa mumabati asanzwe ya silicon.Ibyinshi mu gutakaza moteri yose yibanze kuri stator ihindagurika, ituma moteri yoroshye kuyikora, ifite insulasi nziza, yoroshye gukonja, kandi ifite ibimenyetso byiza byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.Imiterere ya moteri irashobora kugabanya ubunini nuburemere bwa moteri, kandi irashobora kuboneka hamwe nijwi rito.imbaraga nini zisohoka.Bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwimikorere ya rotor ya moteri, moteri yahinduwe yanga irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byihuta cyane.
2.4.2
Icyiciro cya fonction ya sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga yahinduwe nticyerekezo kandi ntaho ihuriye nicyerekezo cya torque, kandi igikoresho kimwe gusa cyo guhinduranya gishobora gukoreshwa kugirango uhuze imikorere ya quadrant enye.Umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi uhujwe muburyo bukurikiranye hamwe na moteri ishimishije ya moteri, kandi buri cyiciro cyumuzunguruko gitanga ingufu mubwigenge.Nubwo icyiciro runaka kizunguruka cyangwa umugenzuzi wa moteri yananiwe, birakenewe gusa guhagarika imikorere yicyiciro bitagize ingaruka zikomeye.Kubwibyo, umubiri wa moteri hamwe nimbaraga zihindura imbaraga zifite umutekano kandi wizewe, kubwibyo birakwiriye gukoreshwa mubidukikije bikaze kuruta imashini zidahuye.
2.4.3 Imikorere ya sisitemu ya moteri
Moteri yo kwanga guhinduranya ifite ibipimo byinshi byo kugenzura, kandi biroroshye kuzuza ibisabwa byimikorere ya quadrant enye yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ingamba zikwiye zo kugenzura no gushushanya sisitemu, kandi irashobora gukomeza ubushobozi bwa feri ahantu hakorerwa umuvuduko mwinshi.Moteri yo kwanga guhinduranya ntabwo ifite imikorere ihanitse gusa, ahubwo inagumana imikorere ihanitse kurwego runini rwo kugenzura umuvuduko, utagereranywa nubundi bwoko bwa sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga.Iyi mikorere irakwiriye cyane mumikorere yimodoka zamashanyarazi, kandi ni ingirakamaro cyane mugutezimbere urwego rwimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
3. Umwanzuro
Icyibandwaho muriyi mpapuro nugushira imbere ibyiza bya moteri yanga kwimuka nka moteri itwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ugereranije na sisitemu zitandukanye zikoreshwa zikoresha moteri yihuta, ikaba ari ahantu h’ubushakashatsi mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Kuri ubu bwoko bwa moteri idasanzwe, haracyari ibyumba byinshi byiterambere mubikorwa bifatika.Abashakashatsi bakeneye imbaraga nyinshi kugirango bakore ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, kandi mugihe kimwe, birakenewe guhuza ibikenewe ku isoko kugirango bateze imbere ikoreshwa ryubwoko bwa moteri mubikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2022